Mulla Sadra's Philosophical Concept

Ahmad Hisyam Syamil; Muhammad Kholid Muslih; Amir Reza Kusuma

doi:10.31943/afkarjournal.v8i2.1306

Authors

Ahmad Hisyam Syamil Universitas Darussalam Gontor
Muhammad Kholid Muslih Universitas Darussalam Gontor
Amir Reza Kusuma Universitas Darussalam Gontor

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31943/afkarjournal.v8i2.1306

Keywords:

Al-Hikmah Al-Muta’aliyah, Ontology, Theology, Psikologi, Eskatology

Abstract

Mulla Sadra named Islamic philosophy as al-Hikmah al-Muta'aliyah. According to him, al-hikmah al-muta'aliyah is knowledge based on intellectual intuition (irfan or isyraqi dzawq), rational proof ('aql or istidlal), and sharia (burhani). Al-Hikmah al-Muta'aliyyah is a synthesis of three styles of thought, namely: theology with a dialectical, polemical pattern (jaddaly), philosophy with a demonstrative pattern (burhany), and theosophy with an illuminationist and gnostic pattern (dzawq). This research uses descriptive analysis methods to explore Mulla Sadra's philosophical thinking. The results of this research reveal that the building of thought that was successfully built by Mulla Sadra through his synthesis of thought had a major influence on the development of philosophy in Persia, India and Iraq. However, the interesting thing is that Sadra brought him into contact with the truth of the Koran and Hadith. The harmonization he carried out resulted in a synthesis, namely integrating it through the three paths of Al-Qur'an (revelation), Burhan (demonstration or intellect), Irfan (spiritual or mystical). Because the three of them are not contradictory in their aim of achieving truth. The depiction of Mulla Sadra's philosophy can be done well by referring to his Ontology, Theology, Physics and Eschatology.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Acikgenc, Alparslan “Being and Existence in Sadra and Heidegger: A Comparative Ontology (Kuala Lumpur: International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization, International Islamic University Malaysia, 1993).

al-Shirazi, Sadr al-Din “Al-Hikmah al-Muta’aliyah fi al-Asfar al-‘Aaqliyah al-Arba’ah”(Beirut: Dar ‘Ihia’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi, 1990) 9.

al-Shirazi, Sadr al-Din “Mafatih al-Ghyab,” ed. Mohammad Khajavi (Tehran: Mu’ssassah-Mutalaat va Tahqiqat-Farhangi, 198).

al-Walid, Khalid “Tasawuf Mulla Shadra,” Bandung: Muttahari Press, 2005, p. 34.

Arifa, Laily Nur “Al-Hikmah Al-Muta’aliyah Mula Sadra (Kajiam Epistemologis),” Ar-Risalah, Vol. XV, No. 2, Oktober 2017, 15(2), p. 69.

as-Suhrawardi, Yahya b. Habas Opera Metaphhysica, vol. 1, ed. H. Corbin, Istambul, 1945.

Abdul Rohman, Amir Reza Kusuma, Muhammad Ari Firdausi. “The Essence of ’Aql as Kamāl Al-Awwal in the view of Ibnu Sīnā and its Relation to Education.” Jurnal Dialogia 20, no. 1 (2022): 176–205. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.21154/dialogia.v20i1.3533.

Amir Reza, Kusuma. “Konsep Hulul Menurut Al-Hallaj Dan Penempatan Posisi Tasawuf.” Jurnal Penelitian Medan Agama 12, no. 1 (2022): 45–55.

Fadillah, Nirhamna Hanif, Amir Reza Kusuma, dan Rofiqul Anwar Anwar. “Comparative Study of Ijtihad Methods Between Ahlussunnah and Syiah.” Tasfiyah: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 6, no. 1 (9 Februari 2022): 83. https://doi.org/10.21111/tasfiyah.v6i1.6837.

Fadillah, Nirhamna Hanif, Amir Reza Kusuma, dan Najib Rahman Rajab al-Lakhm. “The Concept of Science in Islamic Tradition: Analytical Studies of Syed Naquib Al-Attas on Knowledge.” Tasfiyah: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 7, no. 1 (27 Februari 2023): 25–62. https://doi.org/10.21111/tasfiyah.v7i1.8456.

Ihsan, Nur Hadi, Amir Reza Kusuma, Djaya Aji Bima Sakti, dan Alif Rahmadi. “WORLDVIEW SEBAGAI LANDASAN SAINS DAN FILSAFAT: PERSPEKTIF BARAT DAN ISLAM,” t.t., 31. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.28944/reflektika.v17i1.445.

Kusuma, Amir Reza. “Konsep Jiwa Menurut Ibnu Sina dan Aristoteles.” Tasamuh: Jurnal Studi Islam 14, no. 1 (2022): 30. https://doi.org/10.47945/tasamuh.v14i1.492.

———. “Konsep Psikologi Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas.” Jurnal Al-Qalb 13, no. 2 (2022). https://doi.org/DOI : 10.15548/alqalb.v13i2.4386.

Kusuma, Amir Reza, dan Mohammad Muslih. “Problem Ekonomi Secular dan Respon Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas dalam Pandangan Islam” 9, no. 1 (2023): 963–72. https://doi.org/DOI : 10.29040/jiei.v9i1.8369.

Latief, Mohamad, Amal Fathullah Zarkasyi, dan Amir Reza Kusuma. “PROBLEM SEKULER HUBUNGAN AGAMA DAN NEGARA MENURUT ALI ABDUL RAZIQ” 7 (2022). https://doi.org/DOI: https://doi.org/10.25217/jf.v7i2.2542.

Latief, Mohammad, Cep Gilang Fikri Ash-Shufi, Amir Reza Kusuma, dan Fajrin Dzul Fadhlil. “Framework Richard Walzer Terhadap Filsafat Islam Dalam Bukunya; Greek Into Arabic Essay On Islamic Philosophy” 7, no. 1 (t.t.): 14. https://doi.org/DOI :10.15575/jaqfi.v7i1.12095.

Mahmudi, Ihwan, Didin Ahmad Manca, dan Amir Reza Kusuma. “Literature Review: Arabic Language Education in the Digital Age,” t.t., 14.

Mohammad Muslih, Heru Wahyudi, dan Amir Reza Kusuma. “Integrasi Ilmu dan Agama menurut Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas dan Ian G Barbour.” Jurnal Penelitian Medan Agama 13, no. 1 (2022): 21–35. http://jurnal.uinsu.ac.id/index.php/medag/.

Bertolacci, Amos “Essence and Existence in Avicenna’s Metaphysics” Medieval and Renaissance Studies, London, 1958.

Corbin, Henry Opera Metaphysica, Vol. II ed. H. Corbin, Tehran, 1952.

Daftary, Farhad “Tradisi-tradisi Intelektual Islam, Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga. Terj. Fuad Jabali, 2001.

Dehhash, Mehdi “Mulla Sadra’s Theory of Substantiol Motion,” (Ph.D. Fordhan University, New York, 1981), p. 226.

Dhiauddin, “Aliran Filsafat Islam (Al-Hikmah Al-Muta’aliyyah) Mulla Shadra”, NIZHAM, Vol. 01, No. 01, Januari-Juni 2013.

Dhiauddin, “Aliran Filsfat Islam (Al-Hikmah Al-Muta’aliyah) Mulla Sadra, Nizam (1), 2013.

Gunawan, Agung “Pemikiran Mulla Sadra tentang Al-Himah Al-Muta’aliyah dan Implikasinya terhadap pendidikan,” Tsamratul Fikri, Vol. 13, No. 2m 2019.

Hasan, “Sejarah Filsafat Islam: Genealogis Dan Transmisi Filsafat Timur Ke Barat,”

Jafarabadi, Tahereh Javidi Kalateh “Mulla Sadra’s Idea about “Existence” and “Motion in Substance”and Its Educational Implications, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Mishbah, M. T. Yazdi, “Buku Daras Filsafat Islam: Orientasi ke Filsafat Islam Kontemporer,” Jakarta: Shadra Press, 2010, p. 218.

Morris, The Wisdom fo The Throne.

Mufid, Fathul “Latar Belakang Intelektual Filsafat Mulla Shadra,” Jurnal Addin; Media Dialektika Islam, Ed. Jul-Des 2011.

Mufid, Fathul “Tipologi Tasawuf Falsafi,” Jurnal Addin; Media Dialektika Islam, Ed., Jan-Jun 2010.

Nashr, Husain “Tiga Pemikir Islam, (Bandung: Risalah, 1986).

Nasr, Sayyed Hossein “Shadr al-Din al-Syirazi (Mulla Sadra) dalam M.M. Syarif, “A History of Muslim Philosophy,” (Weisbaden: Otto Harassowitz, 1996).

Nasr, Sayyed Hossen dalam NP. (ed), “Perenialisme Melacak Jejak Filsafat Abadi (Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana, 1996).

Nur, Muhammad “Wahdatu al-Wujud Ibn Arabi dan Filsafat Mulla Shadra (Makassar: Chamran Press, 2012), p. 66-67.

Nurkhalis, “Pemikiran Filsafat Islam Perspektif Mulla Shadra,” Jurnal Substantia, Vol. 13, No. 2, Oktober 2011.

Nurkhaluis, “Pemikiran Filsafat Islam Perspektif Mulla Sadra”, Substantia, Vol. 13, No. 2, Oktober 2011.

QS. (19) Maryam: 66-67.

Rahman, Fazlur “Fisafat Shadra”, Pustaka, 2010, p.v, diterjemahkan dari “The Philosophy of Mulla Shadra”, Fazlur Rahman, State University of New York, Albany, New York, 1975.

Rahman, Fazlur “Fisafat Shadra”, Pustaka, 2010, p.v, diterjemahkan dari “The Philosophy of Mulla Shadra”, Fazlur Rahman, State University of New York, Albany, New York, 1975, p. 177. See, Shadra, “Al-Asfar al-Arba’a, I, 1, Tehran, 1937 H.

Rahman, Fazlur “The Philosophy of Mulla Shadra” (Sadr ad-Din Muhammad Shirazi) (Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005); State University of New York, Albany, New York, 1975).

Rahman, Fazlur Tema Pokok Al-Qur’an (Bandung: Pustaka, 1996), p. 154.

Rahman, Fazlur The Philosophy of Mulla Sadra, (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1975).

Rahman, Fazlur The Philosophy of Mulla Sadra.

Rahman, Fazlur, “Filsafat Shadra”, Pustaka, 2010, terj. Munir A. Muin, “The Philosophy of Mulla Shadra”, Fazlur Rahman, State University of New York, Albany, New York, 1975.

Riyadi, Abdul Kadir “Arkeologi Tasawuf”, (Bandung: PT. Mizan Pustaka).

Sadr al-Din Shirazi, “Al-Mabda’ wa al-Ma’ad, ed. By Sayyid Jalal al-Din Ashtiyani (Tehran: 1976), p. 454-5.

Sadra, Mulla “Al-Hikmah al-Muta’aliyah fi al-Asfar al-‘Aqliyah al-Arba’ah, (Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath, 1981), IX, p. 241.

Sadra, Mulla “Al-Hikmah al-Muta’aliyah fi al-Asfar al-‘Aqliyah al-Arba’ah, (Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath, 1981), IX, p. 185-199.

Sadra, Mulla “Al-Mazahir Al-Ilahiyyah fi Asrar al-‘Ulum al-Kamaliyyah, (Tehran: Bonyad Hikmat Sadra Publishers), p. 85.

Sadra, Mulla “Al-Mazahir Al-Ilahiyyah fi Asrar al-‘Ulum al-Kamaliyyah, (Tehran: Bonyad Hikmat Sadra Publishers).

Sadra, Mulla “Mafatih al-Ghayb, (Tehran: Cultural Researches Institution, 1982), p. 604-605.

Sadra, Mulla “Manifestasi-Manifestasi Ilahi, (Jakarta: Press, 2011)

Sadra, Mulla “Tafsir Al-Qur’an al-Karim, (Qum: Intisharat Bidar, 1344 H), VI.

Sadra, Mulla Al-‘Arshiyah.

Sadra, Mulla Al-Hikmah al-Muta'aliyyah fi al-Ashfar al-'Aqliyyah al-'Arba'ah, Darul Ihya’ al-Turast, 1981.

Sadra, Mulla Asfar, I, 1; al-Masya’ir, op. cit.

Sadra, Mulla Asfar, Tehran, 1378 H. Vol. 1, Bagian I, Pendahuluan.

Sadra, Mulla Kitab Al-“Arshiyah,(Isfahan: Mahdavi Publication, 1962).

Saifullah, Filsafat Eksistensialistik, study atas pemikira Mulla Shadra, dalam Dialogia, Vol. 02, No. 02, Juli-Desember 2004.

Shadra, Mulla “Al-Asfar al-Arba’a, I, 1, Tehran, 1937 H.

Shadra, Mulla “Al-Asfar al-Arba’a, I, 2, (Beirut: Dar Ihya Al-Turats Al-‘Arabiyy, 1981).

Shadra, Mulla “Al-Asfar al-Arba’a, III, 1, (Beirut: Dar Ihya Al-Turats Al-‘Arabiyy, 1981).

Shadra, Mulla “Al-Asfar al-Arba’a, IV, 1, (Beirut: Dar Ihya Al-Turats Al-‘Arabiyy, 1981), p. 42-44.

Shadra, Mulla “Al-Asfar al-Arba’a, IV, 1, (Beirut: Dar Ihya Al-Turats Al-‘Arabiyy, 1981), p. 108.

Shadra, Mulla “Al-Asfar al-Arba’a,” III & IV (Beirut: Dar Ihya Al-Turats Al-‘Arabiyy, 1981, p. 315, 320, 324.

Sholihan, “Al-Hikmah AL-Muta’aliyah Pemikiran Metafisika Eksistensialistik Mulla Sadra, 14(1).

Sina, Ibnu “al-Najah,” (Tehran, 1985), p. 291.; Hadiyanto, Andy, & Khumairoh, “Makna Simbolik Ayat-Ayat tentang Kiamat dan Kebangkitan dalam Alquran”, Jurnal Hayula 2(2), 2018.

Soleh, Khudori “Filsafat Islam dari Klasik hingga Kontempore”, (Jogyakarta: Ar-Ruz Media, 2003).

Suhrawardi, Shiahabuddin Yahya Opera Metaphysica et Mystica 1, edita et prolegomenis instructa, Istambul, Bibliotheca Islamica 16a, 1945, In-8, fracais LXXXI et arabe 511 p. Reedotion en 1976 (2)

Suja’i, Ahmad “Eskatologi: Suatu Perbandingan antara Al-Ghazali dan Ibn Rusyd,” Skripsi, Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Filsafat UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2005.

Trisno, Ahmad & Bakhri, Syaiful “Model Penalaran Epistemologi Irfani; Filsafat Al-Hikmah Al-Muta’aliyyah Mulla Sadra”, JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC THOUGHT AND PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 01, No. 2, Desember 2022.

Wardeh, Nadia “Imagination: Its Role in Major Eschatological Events According to Mulla Sadra,” Humanities and Social Science Review, CD-ROM. ISSN: 2165-6258: 07(02):271-286 (2017).

Wardeh, Nadia M. “Imagination: Its Role in Major Eschatological Events According to Mulla Sadra,” Humanities and Social Science Review, CD-ROM. ISSN: 2165-6258, 07(02): 271-286 (2017).

Zarkasyi, Hamid Fahmy “The Philosophy of Mulla Sadra: Being a Summary of His Book al-Hikmah al-Muta’aliyah al-Asfar al-‘Aqliyyah al-Arba’ah,” TSAQAFAH 5, no. 2, 2009.

Zee, Fidausi “Pandangan Filsafat Ibnu Sina dan Mulla Shadra Tentang Tuhan,”, p. 12.