al-Afkar, Journal For Islamic Studies
type: channel
description: al-Afkar: Journal for Islamic Studies is a single blind peer-reviewed journal published by Faculty of Islamic Studies Wiralodra University, STAI DR. KHEZ. Muttaqien Purwakarta, Association of Secondment Lecturers (Asosiasi Dosen DPK) UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, and Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu. The journal is aimed at spreading the research results conducted by academicians, researchers, and practitioners in the field Islamic Studies in both theory and practice. In particular, papers which consider the following general topics are invited: Islamic Education, Islamic thought, Islamic law, political Islam, and Islamic economics from social and cultural perspectives and content analysis from al-Qur’an and Hadist. The journal is published online four times a year (January, April, July, and October).
publisher: Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu
language: en-US
publication name: al-Afkar, Journal For Islamic Studies
issn: 2614-4883
items: The Effect of NPF and ROA on Capital Buffer with CAR as a Moderating Variable in Indonesian Islamic Banking
items: Analysis of Islamic Education Methods
items: Implementation of Niyyah Values to Increase Islamic Religious Education Students' Learning Motivation
items: Social Media, Family Relations, and the Millennial Generation: A Hadith Review
items: Analysis of Teacher Pedagogical Competence Policy in the Digital Era at SMPN 2 Mataram
items: Directive Illocutionary Speech Acts in the Dialogue of the Grandfather Character in the Animated Film Adam and the Devil (Pragmatic Study)
items: Language And Culture in Learning Arabic from A Psycho Sociolinguistic Perspective
items: Philosophy of Science (Epistemology of Science)
items: The Expressions of Sufi Literature and Its Development from the Islamic World to the Indonesian Archipelago
items: The Muzara'ah Contract and Its Impact on the Income Stability of Tobacco Farmers: A Study of Justice and Economic Resilience
items: The Disruption of Digital Evidence in Criminalizing the Spread of Deepfakes: A Positive Criminal Law Analysis and the Perspective of Al-Fiqh Al-Jinayah
items: Respecting the Flag from an Islamic Perspective and State Regulations in Indonesia
items: Hadith on Moral Education: Critical Ethics for the Young Generation in the Era of Disruption
items: Sunan An-Nasai: Imam An-Nasai's Contribution to Compiling Hadith on Law and Etiquette
items: Guidance of Koran Teachers in Instilling Religious Character in Students at the Nurul Jannah Bulu TPQ Mushalla Institution, Pragaan Daya Village, Pragaan District, Sumenep Regency in 2023
items: Implementation of the Independent Learning Curriculum and Cognitive Learning Theory at SDN Cileunyi 04
items: Implementation of the Imtaq Program in Forming the Morals of Students of Mts At-Taufiqiyyah Bluto in 2024
items: The Meaning of Taqnathu in the Qur'an: A Semantic Analysis by Toshihiko Izutsu
items: Promoting Muslim Youth Activism to Adapt Modernism Challenges
items: The Influence of Ibn Sina's Islamic Educational Thought on the Formation of the Character of Generation Alpha
items: Improving Teacher Professional Competence in Islamic Educational Institutions: A Review of Law No. 14 of 2005 and Related Government Regulations
items: Review of Maqasid Syariah in Using Shopee PayLater
items: The Yanbu'a Method by KH. Arwani Amin's Son in Reading, Memorizing and Writing the Qur'an (Descriptive Study of the Development of the Qur'an Learning Methodology)
items: The Dimension of Student Engagement in Qur'anic Literacy Learning: A Case Study of Kokoda Tribe Students at MTs Emeyodere
items: Analysis of Personality Competencies of Islamic Religious Education Teachers in Forming Discipline at SMP Negeri 14 Sarolangun
items: The Terminology of Thuma’ninah in the Qur’an: Al Qurtubi’s Interpretation and Mental Health Relevance
items: Development of Fiqih-Based Learning Devices Problem Based Learnig (Pbl) With Artificial Intelligence Improves Skills Critical Thinking of Madrasah Aliyah Students
items: The Merchant's Philosophy as the Foundation for Effective and Efficient Islamic Education
items: Analysis of the Effectiveness of Internal Supervision in Minimizing Problematic Financing in Murabahah Products (Study of BPRS Rajasa, Central Lampung)
items: Utilizing E-Commerce Affiliate Programs as a Digital Revenue Diversification Strategy for Halal Products
items: Transformation of Santri Identity in the Era of Globalization: A Systematic Literature Review of Cultural Hybridity, Digitalization, and Pesantren Resilience
items: Contextualization Of Hadith By Syuhudi Ismail As A Method Of Understanding Contemporary Hadith
items: Analysis of Multicultural Education in Pancasila and Citizenship Education Learning in Schools (Study at SMPN 21 Mataram)
items: Historical Traditions and Linguistic Analysis in the Interpretation of the Qur'an: Comparison of the Tafsir of Jawāhir al-Hisān and Ma'ālim at-Tanzīl
items: The Role of Schools as a Social System in Efforts to Implement Multicultural Values ​​at SMKN 2 Mataram
items: The Basic Foundations of Parental and Child Rights in Islam: A Perspective Study of QS. Al-Isra Verses 23-24
items: The Effect of The Use of ChatGPT on Student’s Learning Motivation in PAI Subjects at SMK Permata Negeri Garut
items: Integrating Self-Determination Theory (SDT) into Islamic Education in the Digital Era: A Systematic Literature Review (2020-2026)
items: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Islamic Religious Education: Psychological, Political, and Legal Perspectives
items: Analysis of the Determinants of Academic Procrastination among Students an Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Perspective in the Context of Islamic Religious Education
items: Gold Mining Practices in Negeri Batin Village and Their Implications: An Analysis of Law No. 2 of 2025
items: Evaluation of Digital Technology Integration in Islamic Religious Education Curriculum: Analysis of Documents and Learning Media
items: Implementation of the Ethnoscience-Based Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Model in Science Learning for Class V of Al-Munawwarah Elementary School, Jambi City
items: Curriculum and Arabic Language Learning Management at MQW JIC Islamic Boarding School Surakarta
items: Implementation of Customer Late Payment Penalties in Murabahah Contracts in Islamic Banking Based on Fatwa DSN-MUI
items: The Effectiveness of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in Developing Environmental Awareness among Junior High School Students in Urban and Rural Areas
items: Analysis of the Implementation of the Al-Qur'an Memorization Policy at the Muhammadiyah Elementary Madrasah (MIM) Sumampir, Rembang, Purbalingga
items: The Influence of Gamification Learning Strategy on Student Activeness in Islamic Cultural History Subject
items: Accelerating Sharia Fintech Based on a Green Economy: The Creative Role of the Young Generation in the Society 5.0 Era
items: Amartya Sen: Political Economy in Indonesia (Amartya Sen: The role of politics on the economy in Indonesia)
items: The Application of Burhani Epistemology in the Learning of Aqidah and Akhlak on the Material of Faith in the Last Day to Improve Students' Critical Thinking and Rational Beliefs
items: Correlation of Learning Interest with Student Learning Outcomes at SDIT Al-Muthmainnah
items: Formulation of Islamic Religious Education Teacher Competencies to Foster Digital Morals of Students in the Social Media Era
items: Application of Augmented Reality (Ar) Technology in PAI Learning on Islamic History to Improve Student Learning Outcomes at SMPN 01 Pamekasan
items: The Influence of Mastery Learning Strategy on Student Learning Outcomes in Islamic Religious Education Subjects
items: Islamic Family Law Perspective on Children Under Ages Who Work to Support Family (Study in Pasar Banggi Village, Rembang District, Central Java Regency)
items: Sale of Inherited Land Without Heirs' Agreement: Analysis of the Basic Agrarian Law in Margorahayu Village, Mesuji
items: The Position and Authority of the Ombudsman in the Government Administration Supervision System: Synergy and Tension with the Authority of the PTUN
items: Genealogy and the Dialectics of Modernity: Tracing the Historical Roots of Nusantara Islamic Education Hybridity (17th Century to the Digital Era)
items: The Contribution of the Nurul Jannah Bunder Pademawu Taklim Council in Maintaining Madura's Local Wisdom Values
items: Improving Fifth Grade Student Learning Outcomes through Science Learning at MIS Nurul Yaqin
items: Financial Literacy as a Catalyst for the Formation of Islamic Economic Morals in Students: A Case Study at SB SIKL Cheras, Malaysia
items: Research Methodology Design as a Foundation for the Development of Educational Science
items: Integration of Islamic Values in Green Economy-Based Waste Management in Islamic Boarding Schools
items: Islamic Radical Movement, Jihad, and Terorism in Indonesia
items: The Multicultural-Based Independent Learning Curriculum at SMPN 7 Mataram: Strategies to Improve Academic Achievement and Tolerance
items: Minor Dynasties to the West and East of Baghdad
items: Educational Media in Islamic Education
items: Analysis of ChatGPT Utilization by Islamic Education Students from the Perspective of the Foundations of Islamic Education
items: Psychological Approaches to Enhancing the Effectiveness of Learning at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Pesantren Persis 88 in Cimahi City
items: Religious-Rational as an Epistemological Framework for Islamic Education: A Critical Review of the Thoughts of KH. A. Wahid Hasyim
items: Postponement of Marriage due to Inability to Read the Qur'an in Community Traditions Perspective of Munakahat Fiqh and Maslahah Murlah
items: Spirituality and Ethics in Surah Al-Fajr: A Comparison of Al-Misbah's and Al-Azhar's Tafsirs

The Effect of NPF and ROA on Capital Buffer with CAR as a Moderating Variable in Indonesian Islamic Banking
type: item
description: Banks serve as financial intermediaries that connect parties with surplus funds to those in need of financing. The soundness of a bank is influenced by capital adequacy, which is measured through the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). One key aspect in maintaining capital resilience is the capital buffer, which functions as a reserve to absorb financial risks. However, Islamic banking in Indonesia faces challenges such as high Non-Performing Financing (NPF) levels and low Return on Assets (ROA), both of which have the potential to erode the capital buffer and threaten financial stability. This phenomenon is evident in the case of PT Bank Muamalat Indonesia Tbk, which experienced a 37% decline in net profit in 2017 due to rising NPF and declining profit-sharing income. This study aims to analyze: (1) the effect of NPF on the capital buffer, (2) the effect of ROA on the capital buffer, and (3) the moderating role of CAR in the relationship between NPF and ROA on the capital buffer. This research utilizes secondary data from the financial reports of Islamic banks for the period 2015–2022. Data analysis was conducted using panel data regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results show that, partially, NPF has a negative and significant effect on the capital buffer, with a probability value of 0.013 (< 0.05), indicating that an increase in non-performing financing weakens the bank’s capital capacity. Conversely, ROA exhibits a negative but insignificant effect on the capital buffer, with a probability value of 0.098 (> 0.05), suggesting that profitability efficiency does not directly strengthen the bank's capital reserve. Moderation testing shows that CAR does not moderate the effect of either NPF or ROA on the capital buffer, as indicated by the interaction probability values of 0.9184 and 0.9237 respectively (> 0.05). These findings imply that credit risk and profitability management are more strongly influenced by the bank’s internal policies than by CAR a…
creator: Mujibno Mujibno
creator: Luthfiyah Luthfiyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mujibno Mujibno, Luthfiyah Luthfiyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-03
publication date: 2026-04-03
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2210

Analysis of Islamic Education Methods
type: item
description: Islamic education methods according to Abdurrahman An Nahlawi in his work Usul At Tarbiyyah Al Islamiyyah Wa Asalibuha Fi Al Bayt Wa Al Madrasah Wa Al Mujtama’. Islamic education methods are understood as the means used by educators to instill the values of faith, morals, and knowledge based on the Qur'an and Sunnah. An Nahlawi proposed three main methods, namely Hiwar (conversation) which fosters interaction and critical thinking, Qudwah (exemplary behavior) which emphasizes the role of teachers and parents as moral models, and Mumarasah wa 'Amal (practice and practice) which connects theory with real practice. These three methods are considered relevant in contemporary learning because they are able to strengthen the teacher-student relationship, foster spiritual character, and integrate Islamic values in modern life.
creator: Siti Fatimatuzzahro
creator: Rijalul Haq
creator: Munazzah Hurun Ainun
creator: Opik Taufik Kurahman
creator: Tarsono Tarsono
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Fatimatuzzahro, Rijalul Haq, Munazzah Hurun Ainun, Opik Taufik Kurahman, Tarsono Tarsono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-03
publication date: 2026-04-03
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 12
ending page: 23
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2908

Implementation of Niyyah Values to Increase Islamic Religious Education Students' Learning Motivation
type: item
description: Problems in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning are often characterized by low student learning motivation, which is evident from the lack of participation, perseverance, and active involvement in the learning process. This condition indicates a gap between students' physical presence and mental and emotional involvement in learning. One effort that can be made is to internalize niyyah values as a spiritual foundation in learning. This study aims to analyze the implementation of niyyah values in PAI learning and their impact on student learning motivation. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach, with PAI teachers and eighth-grade students at SMPN 2 Cileunyi Bandung as research subjects. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis used the interactive model of Miles and Huberman which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of niyyah values carried out through the habit of straightening intentions, strengthening the meaning of worship in learning, and a reflective approach can increase students' intrinsic motivation. Students showed changes in attitude to be more active, diligent, and have a higher awareness of learning. Thus, the implementation of niyyah values has proven effective in increasing learning motivation while strengthening the holistic character formation of students in Islamic Education learning.
creator: Siti Fatmawati
creator: Siti Fatimatuzzahro
creator: Rifda Aulia
creator: Tarsono Tarsono
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Fatmawati, Siti Fatimatuzzahro, Rifda Aulia, Tarsono Tarsono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-03
publication date: 2026-04-03
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 24
ending page: 40
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2909

Social Media, Family Relations, and the Millennial Generation: A Hadith Review
type: item
description: This study aims to examine the impact of social media on millennial family relationships from the perspective of the Prophet’s hadith. The background of this research is grounded in the rapid development of social media, which has significantly transformed patterns of interaction and communication within families. Social media provides easy access to information and expands connectivity among family members; however, it also presents challenges, including the decline in the quality of face-to-face interaction, the weakening of emotional bonds, and shifts in moral and ethical values within household life. This research employs a qualitative approach using thematic (maudhu‘i) analysis. A number of hadith related to family harmony, communication ethics, responsibility, time management, and moral development are analyzed descriptively and analytically to identify normative principles relevant to the digital context. The findings indicate that the Prophet’s teachings emphasize the principle of balance (wasatiyyah), collective responsibility within the family, and the importance of ethical communication as the foundation of family resilience. Hadith concerning guarding one’s speech, managing time proportionally, and prioritizing family obligations remain contextually relevant in the era of social media. In conclusion, social media should be positioned as a supportive tool for family harmony rather than a disruptive factor, provided its use is guided by ethical and spiritual values rooted in the Prophet’s teachings.
creator: Achmad Ghozali Syafi’i
creator: Suardi Suardi
creator: Ahmat Saepuloh
creator: Artis Artis
creator: Rahman Rahman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Achmad Ghozali Syafi’i, Suardi Suardi, Ahmat Saepuloh, Artis Artis, Rahman Rahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-03
publication date: 2026-04-03
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 41
ending page: 59
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3144

Analysis of Teacher Pedagogical Competence Policy in the Digital Era at SMPN 2 Mataram
type: item
description: The digital era has brought fundamental changes to the education system, requiring teachers to possess pedagogical competencies that are adaptive to developments in information technology. This study aims to analyze policies for developing teacher pedagogical competencies to improve the quality of learning in the digital era, with a focus on their implementation at SMP Negeri 2 Mataram. The research approach used descriptive qualitative methods through literature studies, observations, and interviews with teachers and school leaders. The results show that government policies such as the Teacher Mover Program, Teacher Professional Education (PPG), and the Merdeka Mengajar Platform have made a positive contribution to improving teacher pedagogical competencies. Teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Mataram demonstrated improved capabilities in planning, implementing, and evaluating digital technology-based learning. However, policy implementation still faces challenges such as limited digital infrastructure, technological literacy gaps among teachers, and high administrative burdens. Efforts to strengthen policies and ongoing support from schools and local governments are essential to ensure the sustainability of digital-based pedagogical competency development. This research contributes to providing an empirical overview of the implementation of policies for developing teacher pedagogical competencies at the junior high school level in the digital era, while also providing strategic recommendations for schools and policymakers in optimizing the use of technology to improve learning quality. This research emphasizes the importance of synergy between national policies, school management, and teacher initiatives to create effective, innovative, and relevant learning for the needs of the 21st century.
creator: Muhammad Muhsin Al-Anshari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Muhsin Al-Anshari, M. Rama Haqiqi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-03
publication date: 2026-04-03
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 60
ending page: 69
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3319

Directive Illocutionary Speech Acts in the Dialogue of the Grandfather Character in the Animated Film Adam and the Devil (Pragmatic Study)
type: item
description: This study aims to identify the forms of directive speech acts and explain their functions as used by the grandfather character in the animated film Adam and the Devil. This study employs a qualitative approach using a descriptive-analytical method. Data were collected through the observation and note-taking technique, which involved watching the film repeatedly and then noting down utterances containing directive elements. The data was collected using the watch-and-record technique, which involves watching the film repeatedly and then noting down utterances containing directive elements. The data was analyzed using the pragmatic matching method. The results of the study show that directive illocutionary acts in the animated film Adam and the Devil appear in six forms, including commands, requests, invitations, prohibitions, advice, and criticism. The form of advice is the most dominant. The functions identified include ordering, requiring, compelling, advising, reminding, directing, inviting, reprimanding, prohibiting, and requesting. The results of this study indicate that the language used in this film serves not only as a tool for communication but also as a medium for moral education, the reinforcement of religious values, and character development.
creator: Desti Fauziah
creator: Akmaliyah Akmaliyah
creator: Yadi Mardiansyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Desti Fauziah, Akmaliyah Akmaliyah, Yadi Mardiansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-03
publication date: 2026-04-03
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 70
ending page: 80
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3376

Language And Culture in Learning Arabic from A Psycho Sociolinguistic Perspective
type: item
description: Humans are naturally driven to express emotions, views, and aspirations through language as the primary tool of communication. Language not only reflects the identity of a community but also serves as a means of conveying cultural values, building identity, and engaging in social interaction. From a psycho-sociolinguistic perspective, language and culture are closely intertwined and mutually influence each other. Culture affects how individuals process information and think, while language serves as a reflection of a society’s norms, traditions, and communication patterns. Arabic language learning, particularly in Indonesia, often focuses on grammatical aspects (nahwu and sharaf), while cultural aspects are frequently neglected. However, understanding the cultural context is essential for enhancing students' communicative competence. The psycho-sociolinguistic approach offers an integration of language and culture in Arabic language learning to make it more relevant to real-life situations. By using authentic texts, simulations, and integrating Arab cultural values, students not only master linguistic aspects but also comprehend the social and cultural contexts behind them.This study employs a library research method by analyzing various scholarly sources. The research findings indicate that integrating culture into Arabic language learning improves contextual understanding, develops communicative competence, and motivates students to learn Arabic holistically. Implementation strategies include using culture-based materials and interactive simulations, while the main challenge regarding teacher’s limited cultural mastery can be addressed through training and providing relevant learning resources. The psycho-sociolinguistic approach offers profound insights into the relationship between language, culture, and society, emphasizing the importance of understanding Arabic not only as a linguistic science but also as a means of cross-cultural communication.
creator: Hanan Riswar
creator: Agung Setiyawan
creator: Nur Maidah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hanan Riswar, Agung Setiyawan, Nur Maidah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-03
publication date: 2026-04-03
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 81
ending page: 88
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2014

Philosophy of Science (Epistemology of Science)
type: item
description: In the modern era, advances in technology and information impact all aspects of human life, both personally and socially, including the human mind. The ease of accessing information through sophisticated technology, the rapid flow of information, and the ease of access even across continents, have led to a sense of dependency and weakened reasoning, making it easy to believe in inaccurate information or knowledge. To avoid these negative impacts, one needs to understand the origins, methods, steps, and procedures that enable the acquisition of knowledge. The purpose of this article is to understand how something becomes true knowledge, and how it aligns with human reason and logic. This study utilizes library research, utilizing library materials as the primary source. The approach employed a qualitative approach. The results show that epistemology is a specialized field of philosophy that aims to acquire knowledge about knowledge. In this case, it is knowledge derived from conscious sensory absorption, whether old or newly acquired. Scientific knowledge can be considered true when we draw correct conclusions. This inference process is called logic.
creator: Nanat Fatah Natsir
creator: Erni Hayanti
creator: Habibah Nur Azizah
creator: Ikhsanul fauzi
creator: Kiki MIftahul Hakiki
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nanat Fatah Natsir, Erni Hayanti, Habibah Nur Azizah, Ikhsanul fauzi, Kiki MIftahul Hakiki https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-03
publication date: 2026-04-03
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 89
ending page: 98
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2051

The Expressions of Sufi Literature and Its Development from the Islamic World to the Indonesian Archipelago
type: item
description: This article aims to analyze the historical development of Sufi literature from its roots in the Middle East to its spread to Indonesia, tracing the transformation of Sufi expression in various literary forms. Using a historical approach and descriptive qualitative method, this study traces the transformation of Sufi literature, which is not only a medium of spirituality, but also a tool for profound aesthetic expressions. Through a content analysis of these works, this article finds that poetry and literature can be means of Sufi expression regarding mystical experience. This article found that Sufi literature not only reflects the spiritual journey but also plays an important role in shaping literary traditions and religious thought in the Islamic world in general and in Indonesia in particular. Additionally, while each literary expression is intertextual, Sufistic literature shows its own uniqueness derived from Indonesian context.
creator: Angga Arifka
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Angga Arifka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-03
publication date: 2026-04-03
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 99
ending page: 115
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2107

The Muzara'ah Contract and Its Impact on the Income Stability of Tobacco Farmers: A Study of Justice and Economic Resilience
type: item
description: The significance of this study lies in understanding the implementation of the muzara’ah contract in tobacco farming and its impact on farmers’ income stability in terms of fairness and economic resilience. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method using a case study approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation from informants selected using snowball sampling, specifically landowners and farmworkers. Data analysis was conducted in three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The results indicate that the traditional, oral implementation of the muzara’ah contract based on trust results in a fair 50:50 division of the harvest. This contract enables landless farmers to maintain an income and promotes increased productivity and farmer income. The positive impacts of implementing this contract include improvements in farmers’ income, education, health, and household facilities. Thus, the muzara’ah contract makes a significant contribution to enhancing the well-being and economic resilience of the tobacco-farming community in Jarin Village.
creator: Muhammmad Ali Fahmi
creator: Riskiyatul Khasanah
creator: Ainul Furqon
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammmad Ali Fahmi, Riskiyatul Khasanah, Ainul Furqon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-03
publication date: 2026-04-03
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 116
ending page: 130
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3354

The Disruption of Digital Evidence in Criminalizing the Spread of Deepfakes: A Positive Criminal Law Analysis and the Perspective of Al-Fiqh Al-Jinayah
type: item
description: The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deepfake technology, has significantly disrupted the criminal law evidentiary system, especially concerning the reliability of electronic evidence. Deepfake enables highly realistic manipulation of audio-visual content, making it increasingly difficult to distinguish between authentic and fabricated evidence. This poses serious challenges to both the evidentiary process and criminal liability in technology-based crimes. This study aims to analyze the disruption of digital evidence caused by deepfake technology and to examine the challenges of criminal liability based on Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning the Second Amendment to the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law) and the perspective of Islamic criminal law (fiqh jinayah).This research employs a normative legal method with a statutory and comparative approach. The data consist of primary and secondary legal materials, analyzed qualitatively using a descriptive-analytical method. The results indicate that although Indonesian positive law recognizes electronic evidence as legally valid, the regulation regarding its validity and verification mechanisms particularly for evidence generated through deepfake technology remains inadequate. This creates legal uncertainty and potentially disrupts the pursuit of material truth in criminal proceedings. Furthermore, issues of criminal liability become more complex due to difficulties in identifying perpetrators and proving elements of intent or negligence. From the perspective of Islamic criminal law, evidentiary principles emphasize authenticity and credibility, allowing electronic evidence to be accepted through qiyas, provided that strict standards of validity are fulfilled.
creator: Vania Andari Damanik
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Vania Andari Damanik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-03
publication date: 2026-04-03
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 131
ending page: 144
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3400

Respecting the Flag from an Islamic Perspective and State Regulations in Indonesia
type: item
description: This research examines the view that saluting the Indonesian flag, which does not follow Islamic law, constitutes shirk (associating others with God). Although flag salutation has symbolized national unity since 1945, some modernist and Islamist groups consider it shirk. Islamic views on flag salutation are divided: the permissive perspective treats it as nationalism and patriotism, not shirk, if it is not seen as worship; the critical view equates it to idolatry, which belongs solely to Allah; and the moderate stance allows it when intended as nationalism, emphasizing intent and context. Using a literature review, the study explores historical, legal, and religious aspects of flag salutation and its societal effects. Despite differing opinions among scholars, the Indonesian government enforces flag salutation under Law No. 24 of 2009. The study concludes that flag salutation, as a patriotic act, aligns with Islamic values, promoting unity and national integration.
creator: Farida Roihanati
creator: Husna Maulida Hasanah
creator: Dayntikha Arlinie Soza
creator: Shofiya Muthmainna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Farida Roihanati, Husna Maulida Hasanah, Dayntikha Arlinie Soza, Shofiya Muthmainna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-04
publication date: 2026-04-04
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 145
ending page: 157
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.1888

Hadith on Moral Education: Critical Ethics for the Young Generation in the Era of Disruption
type: item
description: The era of disruption has brought significant changes to social and cultural life, particularly through the development of digital technology, which influences the mindset and behavior of the younger generation. Widespread access to information, on the one hand, provides opportunities for self-development, but on the other, it also presents challenges in the form of the rise of negative values such as individualism, instant gratification, and a decline in ethical standards. This situation demands strengthening moral education that can foster critical thinking and integrity. This study aims to analyze the moral values in the hadith and their relevance to the moral education of the younger generation in the era of disruption. The method used is an analysis of four hadith related to the values of honesty, empathy, brotherhood, gratitude, and patience, through the takhrij approach, classification, and interpretation of the hadith. The results show that all the hadith studied are considered authentic and contain universal moral principles relevant to building the character of the younger generation. These values include careful distinction between what is permissible and what is forbidden, the importance of honesty and brotherhood, empathy for others, and gratitude and patience in facing life. Implementing hadith-based moral education can be a solution to address the moral crisis in the modern era, as it not only instills ethical values but also fosters critical thinking skills. Thus, hadith-based moral education plays a crucial role in shaping a young generation with morals, resilience, and the ability to adapt wisely to changing times.
creator: St. Maemunah
creator: La Ode Ismail Ahmad
creator: Abdul Rahman Sakka
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 St. Maemunah, La Ode Ismail Ahmad, Abdul Rahman Sakka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-04
publication date: 2026-04-04
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 158
ending page: 177
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2023

Sunan An-Nasai: Imam An-Nasai's Contribution to Compiling Hadith on Law and Etiquette
type: item
description: This study analyzes Sunan An-Nasa’i with a focus on its contribution to Islamic law (fiqh) and ethics, as well as the practical application of its hadiths in contemporary Muslim society. Compiled by Imam Ahmad ibn Shu'ayb An-Nasa’i, Sunan An-Nasa’i is one of the six primary hadith collections in Sunni Islam, known for its strict authenticity and focus on legal and ethical teachings. Using a qualitative approach with text analysis, this study examines hadiths related to legal principles and ethical behavior to understand their relevance in the context of modern social, legal, and political developments.This study compares the hadiths in Sunan An-Nasa’i with similar ones in Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim to highlight similarities and differences in the presentation of law and ethics. The findings show that Sunan An-Nasa’i offers practical guidance on issues such as social justice, personal behavior, marriage, transactions, and public ethics. These hadiths remain relevant in the modern world, addressing challenges such as the integration of Islamic values into national legal systems and ethical dilemmas arising from technological advancements and globalization.This study emphasizes the importance of integrating these teachings into Islamic education and contemporary legal practice to promote justice, equal ity, and ethical conduct in the Muslim community.
creator: Fauzi Syam Latief
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Fauzi Syam Latief https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-04
publication date: 2026-04-04
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 178
ending page: 188
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2024

Guidance of Koran Teachers in Instilling Religious Character in Students at the Nurul Jannah Bulu TPQ Mushalla Institution, Pragaan Daya Village, Pragaan District, Sumenep Regency in 2023
type: item
description: Every parent basically wants a child who is intelligent and behaves well in his life. And a child is a mandate from Allah entrusted to his parents to be raised and educated well, taught and accustomed to goodness. But in reality, not all children can go through the development process well, several factors from the family and environment can influence their development and behavior in their lives. The purpose of the study was to determine the process of guidance of religious teachers in instilling the character of religious students at the TPQ Mushalla Nurul Jannah institution and to determine the inhibiting and supporting factors of guidance of religious teachers in instilling the character of religious students at the TPQ Mushalla Nurul Jannah institution. This study uses a type of field research with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are carried out by means of observation, interviews and documentation with data analysis techniques, namely data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the study showed that the guidance of religious teachers in instilling the religious character of students at the TPQ Mushalla Nurul Jannah institution includes 5 aspects of religiosity, namely strengthening faith in Islam with tausiyah or mau'idah hasanah (belief), reciting the Qur'an and praying in congregation (worship), being sincere in worship and khusyu' in prayer (appreciation), conducting religious studies (knowledge), and emphasizing the practice of Islamic teachings which are manifested in the form of attitudes and behavior in daily life (practice). By using the methods of exemplary behavior, habituation, advice, awareness, and punishment, and carried out directly with 2 techniques, namely individual and group. The inhibiting factors of the guidance of religious teachers in instilling the religious character of students at the TPQ Mushalla Nurul Jannah institution are the lack of support from the students' guardians,…
creator: Amriyah Amriyah
creator: Azizah Tajib
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Amriyah Amriyah, Azizah Tajib https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-04
publication date: 2026-04-04
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 189
ending page: 201
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2062

Implementation of the Independent Learning Curriculum and Cognitive Learning Theory at SDN Cileunyi 04
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum and the application of Cognitivism Learning Theory at SDN Cileunyi 04. A phenomenological approach was employed to explore the direct experiences of the principal, teachers, and students in implementing the curriculum. This qualitative research utilized interviews, observations, and documentation as data collection techniques. Data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman's methods, including data reduction, data presentation, and continuous conclusion drawing. The findings reveal significant progress at SDN Cileunyi 04 in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum, emphasizing student-centered learning and the application of Cognitivism principles. Teachers actively foster innovative teaching strategies, encouraging students to think critically, creatively, and produce tangible outcomes. However, challenges persist, such as limited teacher understanding of the curriculum's philosophy and suboptimal execution of the Strengthening Pancasila Student Profile Project (P5). Proposed solutions include continuous teacher training, leveraging technology for learning, and collaborating with communities and stakeholders to enrich programs. These findings highlight SDN Cileunyi 04's potential to serve as a model of successful curriculum implementation aligned with national education goals.
creator: Asep Abdurahman
creator: Dede Wartini
creator: Asep Nursobah
creator: Mohamad Erihadiana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Asep Abdurahman, Dede Wartini, Asep Nursobah, Mohamad Erihadiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-04
publication date: 2026-04-04
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 202
ending page: 215
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2069

Implementation of the Imtaq Program in Forming the Morals of Students of Mts At-Taufiqiyyah Bluto in 2024
type: item
description: The condition of teenagers in Indonesia is currently experiencing a decline in moral character, and today’s teenagers are no longer seen as good role models in social, moral, and academic environments. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the implementation of the IMTAQ program in efforts to shape akhlakul karimah among students at MTs At-Taufiqiyyah. It also seeks to analyze how the IMTAQ program is applied in students' daily lives and to evaluate the extent to which this program plays a role in shaping students' character, particularly in terms of akhlak in accordance with Islamic teachings.The problem addressed in this research is how the IMTAQ program is implemented in shaping the students' akhlakul karimah. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study type, where data is collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The research findings show that the implementation of the IMTAQ program at MTs At-Taufiqiyyah has been successful in shaping the students' akhlakul karimah. Through worship activities such as congregational prayers, tahajjud, dhuha, religious sermons, and istighosah, students undergo positive behavioral habituation, which increases their discipline, responsibility, and awareness of the importance of good morals. This program has proven to be effective in deepening the students’ understanding of Islamic teachings and encourages them to apply these values in their daily lives.
creator: Mirnawati
creator: Achmad Maulidi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mirnawati, Achmad Maulidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-05
publication date: 2026-04-05
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 216
ending page: 229
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3317

The Meaning of Taqnathu in the Qur'an: A Semantic Analysis by Toshihiko Izutsu
type: item
description: Taqnathu is one of the words in the Qur'an to mention the term despair. This discussion is interesting to study more deeply considering that in this day and age it shows an increasing sense of despair when facing complex life pressures that eventually lead to depression and pessimism about the future. This study aims to analyze the meaning of taqnathu in the perspective of the Qur'an using the semantic approach of Toshihiko Izutsu. The research method used is qualitative with the type of library research and data collection techniques are carried out through documentation studies on the verses that contain the words. The data sources used are divided into primary data in the form of verses of the Qur'an and secondary data in the form of tafsir books, Arabic lexicography dictionaries, books, and scientific journals related to the semantics and meaning of taqnathu. The results of this study show that: first, the word taqnathu in the Qur'an has several derivations, such as yaqnathu, qanathu, qanuth, yaqnathun, and qanithin. Second, the relational meaning, syntagmatically the word taqnathu in the Qur'an has several meanings related to the condition of despair in various contexts, such as the characteristics of a perverted, the loss of hope after a disaster, to the prohibition of despair from the mercy of Allah. Paradigmatically speaking, this word has synonyms with ya'isa, istay'asa, and ablasa, and is antonymmy with istaqāmu, istibsyār, and yastabsyirun. Third, historically, the meaning of taqnathu has evolved from the concept of despair in the pre-Qur'anic tradition, then deepened theologically in the Qur'an in the Qur'anic period, to the post-Qur'anic period which emphasizes the aspect of Allah's compassion and forgiveness in the interpretation of scholars.
creator: Anifa Rifka Hanna
creator: Ahmad Nurrohim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Anifa Rifka Hanna, Ahmad Nurrohim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-05
publication date: 2026-04-05
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 230
ending page: 243
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3309

Promoting Muslim Youth Activism to Adapt Modernism Challenges
type: item
description: The study is aimed to explore the challenges faced by the Muslim community today, particularly the issues of ideological and societal fragmentation in the modern era. The context of rising fundamentalism and a gradual drift from the core principles of Aqidah and Sharia. It examines the historical and ideological foundations that have shaped the perception of Islam, often linked to terrorism in global discourse, and investigates how these narratives affect unity among Muslims. The paper examines how these challenges have contributed to internal fragmentation within the ummah and the decline in religious practice among the younger generation. By focusing on the critical role of mosques as centres of both worship and community dialogue, this study argues that a revival of Islamic values can be achieved through a conscious effort to bring the youth back to the mosque. A qualitative study was conducted through a purposive sampling technique analyzed by interpretive phenomenological analysis of an interview with an Islamic scholar, Tiar Anwar Bachtiar. This study delves into themes of Aqidah (faith), unity, and community engagement, proposing practical steps for enhancing cohesion among Muslims and countering divisive narratives. The findings suggest that strengthening Aqidah through education and community interaction within mosques is essential for addressing the root causes of contemporary issues in the Muslim world. Ultimately, this paper advocates for a community-centred approach that fosters unity and spiritual rejuvenation as solutions to the pressing challenges of modernity.
creator: Deri Supriatna
creator: Cicin Kuraesin
creator: Erni Haryanti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Deri Supriatna, Cicin Kuraesin, Erni Haryanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-05
publication date: 2026-04-05
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 242
ending page: 257
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2181

The Influence of Ibn Sina's Islamic Educational Thought on the Formation of the Character of Generation Alpha
type: item
description: This study examines the relevance of Ibn Sina's educational philosophy in shaping the character of Generation Alpha. Ibn Sina's comprehensive educational thinking, including goals, curriculum, teaching methods, and the role of educators, is still relevant today. Generation Alpha, born after 2010, faces challenges in character development, often exhibiting individualistic behavior and reduced empathy due to being too immersed in digital technology. This study investigates how Ibn Sina's concepts can be integrated into character education for Generation Alpha, which aims to cultivate individuals who are intellectually and spiritually balanced. The findings aim to provide insight into educational approaches that incorporate moral and spiritual values that are essential for the character development of Generation Alpha.
creator: Alwi Mubarok Assidiq
creator: Betty Mauli Rosa Bustam
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Alwi Mubarok Assidiq, Betty Mauli Rosa Bustam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-05
publication date: 2026-04-05
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 258
ending page: 275
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2094

Improving Teacher Professional Competence in Islamic Educational Institutions: A Review of Law No. 14 of 2005 and Related Government Regulations
type: item
description: Professional competence plays an important role in efforts to improve the quality of education, especially in Islamic educational institutions. This article aims to analyze efforts to develop teacher professional competence from the perspective of Law No. 14 of 2005 concerning Teachers and Lecturers and relevant government regulations. In this study, the method used is a literature study, where data is collected from various sources such as laws, government regulations, journals, and related books. The results of the study indicate that existing regulations provide a clear framework to support the development of professional teachers. However, its implementation requires effective collaboration between the government, educational institutions, and other related parties.
creator: Puspita Ais Anggraini
creator: Zainap Hartati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Puspita Ais Anggraini, Zainap Hartati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-05
publication date: 2026-04-05
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 276
ending page: 284
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2035

Review of Maqasid Syariah in Using Shopee PayLater
type: item
description: This article examines the use of Shopee PayLater as a payment method on the Shopee e-commerce platform from the perspective of maqashid sharia in Islam. Shopee PayLater offers convenience and flexibility in online shopping by providing instant loans that allow customers to receive goods first and PayLater or through installments. There are major risks, namely the potential for uncontrolled consumer behavior, which can lead to debt accumulation. In addition, the element of usury in the installment system and late fees charged by Shopee make this feature not entirely in line with Islamic economic principles. This research method is a literature review. The type of research used is library research (Library Research) research results. Shopee PayLater offers benefits in ease of transactions, its use needs to be done carefully and with careful consideration, especially in the context of sharia law. It is important for consumers to understand the risks associated with using this feature and ensure that the actions taken are not in accordance with Islamic teachings, because there are still many disadvantages in this transaction, especially in terms of safeguarding assets (hifzul maal) and avoiding practices that are contrary to sharia.
creator: Imam Kamaluddin
creator: Hasan Sulton
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Imam Kamaluddin, Hasan Sulton https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-05
publication date: 2026-04-05
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 285
ending page: 298
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2132

The Yanbu'a Method by KH. Arwani Amin's Son in Reading, Memorizing and Writing the Qur'an (Descriptive Study of the Development of the Qur'an Learning Methodology)
type: item
description: The Qur'an is a noble holy book, revealed to the Prophet Muhammad SAW, in the month of Ramadan and on the night of Lailatul Qadar, everything will become noble if it is paired with something noble too. Indonesia is a country with a majority Muslim population and the Qur'an as a guide to life for mankind must be studied by every Muslim and Muslimah. The focus in this study are: 1. What is the significance of Yanbu'a Method by the son of KH. Arwani Amin in recitation, pronounciation the Qur’an and writing. 2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Yanbu'a Method by the son of KH. Arwani Amin in reciting, pronounciation of the Qur'an and writing? 3. What are the Benefits and Uses of Yanbu'a Method by the son of KH. Arwani Amin on the ability to recite, memorize the Qur'an and writing. The author uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Meanwhile, the type of research uses library research, namely efforts that refer based on books, articles, journals, and other materials that help with a problem that will be studied by researchers. The data analysis technique used in this research uses critical analysis. The result of this research is that the Yanbu'a Method is one of the methods for learning the Qur'an starting from reading, writing and memorizing the Qur'an for children and adults with a fast time because it is easier for all people to understand. Learning Al-Qur'an Yanbu'a method has significant benefits for students' reading of Al-Qur'an it is from a increase in the reading of students who initially did not recognize the hijaiyah letters to many students who have learned tajweed but cannot apply it when reading the Qur'an. The Yanbu'a Method has advantages that other Qur'an learning methods do not have such as the Yanbu'a Method not only includes reading learning but is equipped with learning to write and memorize the Qur'an along with understanding tajweed, Makharij al-Huruf and Sifat al-Huruf. Therefore, the Yanbu'a Method is a solution for people who want t…
creator: Mohammad Fattah
creator: Ardiani Ardiani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammad Fattah, Ardiani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-05
publication date: 2026-04-05
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 299
ending page: 312
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2886

The Dimension of Student Engagement in Qur'anic Literacy Learning: A Case Study of Kokoda Tribe Students at MTs Emeyodere
type: item
description: Qur'anic literacy among minority communities, such as the Kokoda Tribe, faces significant challenges, particularly in Qur'anic reading and writing learning (BTQ). This study aims to analyze the engagement of Kokoda Tribe students in BTQ learning, focusing on three aspects: behavioral, emotional, and cognitive. Using a qualitative approach with a case study design, data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with students and teachers, and documentation of learning activities at MTs Emeyodere. The findings show that student engagement is greatly influenced by emotional factors, especially curiosity about the Qur'an. Students demonstrate high behavioral engagement in physical activities during lessons, although cognitive challenges, such as Arabic letter pronunciation influenced by local dialects, remain obstacles. This study concludes that social and cultural factors strongly affect student engagement in Qur'anic learning, with emotional engagement more dominant than cognitive. The implication of this research is the importance of teaching approaches that consider students' cultural backgrounds to improve the effectiveness of Qur'anic learning.
creator: Fikri Hakim Putra
creator: Agus Yudiawan
creator: Fatma Sari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Fikri Hakim Putra, Agus Yudiawan, Fatma Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-05
publication date: 2026-04-05
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 313
ending page: 325
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3303

Analysis of Personality Competencies of Islamic Religious Education Teachers in Forming Discipline at SMP Negeri 14 Sarolangun
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the personality competence of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in shaping student discipline at SMP Negeri 14 Sarolangun. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation involving PAI teachers and students. The results of the study indicate that the personality competence of PAI teachers is categorized as very good, as demonstrated through firm, stable, wise, and authoritative attitudes. PAI teachers serve as uswah hasanah (role models) in internalizing discipline values through habituation to worship and compliance with school rules. Although there are external obstacles such as lack of family environment control and social media influence, the exemplary personality of teachers is proven effective in increasing students' discipline awareness. In conclusion, teachers' personality competence is a crucial instrument in the successful formation of discipline character in junior high schools.
creator: Salman Alparisi
creator: Jaya Jaya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Salman Alparisi, Jaya Jaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-05
publication date: 2026-04-05
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 326
ending page: 337
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3347

The Terminology of Thuma’ninah in the Qur’an: Al Qurtubi’s Interpretation and Mental Health Relevance
type: item
description: The rising cases of stress, anxiety, and mental health disorders highlight the growing need for inner tranquillity. The Qur’an introduces the concept of al-thuma’ninah, yet its meanings across different verses have not been comprehensively examined through the lens of classical exegesis. Previous studies largely focus on semantic or contemporary approaches, leaving a gap in understanding how classical scholars conceptualised thuma’ninah. This study addresses this gap by analysing the meaning of al-thuma’ninah according to al-Qurtubi’s Tafsir al-Jami‘ li Ahkam al-Qur’an, using qualitative library research and thematic analysis of Qur’anic verses derived from the root ط-م-أ-ن. The research aims to identify the categories of thuma’ninah and explore their relevance to mental health. The findings show that al-thuma’ninah is a multidimensional concept encompassing epistemological reassurance, psychospiritual calm, steadfast faith under pressure, social stability, and illusory worldly tranquillity. These results affirm its relevance as a spiritual foundation for modern mental well-being.
creator: Nur ‘Alim Muhammad Kautsar
creator: Jihan Kharisma Hidayatulloh
creator: Ainur Rhain
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nur ‘Alim Muhammad Kautsar, Jihan Kharisma Hidayatulloh, Ainur Rhain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-05
publication date: 2026-04-05
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 338
ending page: 352
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3404

Development of Fiqih-Based Learning Devices Problem Based Learnig (Pbl) With Artificial Intelligence Improves Skills Critical Thinking of Madrasah Aliyah Students
type: item
description: The problem with this research is that educators do not understand the discussion that will be conveyed to students, so a guidebook for fiqh learning tools based on problem-based learning with artificial intelligence was created. So that students can understand what the teacher conveys in the classroom learning process. This research aims to find out how the validity and practicality of media in the form of Problem Based Learning (Pbl) Fiqh Learning Tools with Artificial Intelligence Improve the Critical Thinking Skills of Madrasah Aliyah Students. This research uses research and development (R&D) methods, using the 4D development model. The research and development procedure consists of 4 stages, namely: 4D Model (define, design, develop, and disseminate). Conduct trials and find out the practicality of learning videos on Zakat material in Fiqh subjects. The instruments used in this research and development are questionnaires in the form of validation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires. Data analysis techniques to determine research results are validity analysis and practicality analysis.
creator: Fadriati
creator: T Idris
creator: Yoprisya
creator: Rahimatul Yusra
creator: Yolanda Afrilia
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Fadriati, T Idris, Yoprisya, Rahimatul Yusra, Yolanda Afrilia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-06
publication date: 2026-04-06
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 353
ending page: 361
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2168

The Merchant's Philosophy as the Foundation for Effective and Efficient Islamic Education
type: item
description: Effective and efficient Islamic education is evidenced by the success of Islamic da'wah in the 18th century, namely with the establishment of the Islamic kingdom in Indonesia. For that, it needs to be excavated. The purpose of this research is to prove by obtaining an overview and explanation that the merchant philosophy is able to color and make a blueprint for Islamic education in Indonesia, where the era began, merchants succeeded in carrying out Islamic da'wah which was the initial form of Islamic education based on determination, imitating the Prophet as a da'wah command from Allah, and competing in goodness (fastabikul khairat). This research is a qualitative-discipitive type. The methods used are literature review and historical-philosophical analysis. Literature review is carried out by collecting and analyzing concepts about educational goals (general and Islamic), effective and efficient meanings, and merchant philosophy. Historical Analysis is used to review the history of the spread of Islam in the archipelago by merchants as an early form of successful Islamic education, as well as the role of merchants in the establishment and development of Islamic organizations such as Muhammadiyah and NU. The findings in this study are that the philosophy of merchants of that era is the forerunner and foundation of effective and efficient Islamic education. The impact of this research is that the study of history needs to be echoed so that the optimism of building Islamic education continues to burn so that it is felt by the present and future generations.
creator: Edi Sugianto
creator: Abdul Hamid Arribathi
creator: Suryan widati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Edi Sugianto, Abdul Hamid Arribathi, Suryan widati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-06
publication date: 2026-04-06
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 362
ending page: 375
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3048

Analysis of the Effectiveness of Internal Supervision in Minimizing Problematic Financing in Murabahah Products (Study of BPRS Rajasa, Central Lampung)
type: item
description: This study aims to describe the internal control system at BPRS Rajasa Lampung Tengah and analyze its effectiveness in minimizing non-performing financing (NPF) on murabahah products. A qualitative descriptive-analytical method was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Primary data were obtained from management and marketing staff of BPRS Rajasa, while secondary data came from financing nominative reports and the NPF report as of December 2025. The findings reveal that BPRS Rajasa has implemented an internal control system through an independent internal audit unit conducting periodic file checks, collateral verification, and payment monitoring via a core banking system. Nevertheless, the NPF ratio as of December 2025 stood at 5.70%, exceeding OJK's 5% maximum threshold, with 257 out of 1,772 customers (14.49%) experiencing problematic financing: 40 in Special Mention, 48 Sub-standard, 64 Doubtful, and 145 in Loss category. Key challenges include inter-departmental miscommunication and weaknesses in initial customer selection. The internal control system is assessed as not yet fully effective, as it has been unable to reduce NPF below the regulatory threshold, though it has contributed to prevention and early detection of problematic financing.
creator: Septia Novita Sari
creator: Haris Santoso
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Septia Novita Sari, Haris Santoso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-06
publication date: 2026-04-06
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 376
ending page: 390
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3320

Utilizing E-Commerce Affiliate Programs as a Digital Revenue Diversification Strategy for Halal Products
type: item
description: The rapid development of the digital economy has encouraged the emergence of various innovations in generating income opportunities, including the utilization of e-commerce affiliate programs as a digital marketing strategy. In the context of the halal industry, this strategy has become increasingly relevant due to the growing demand for halal products and the need for business actors to diversify their sources of income. This study aims to analyze the utilization of e-commerce affiliate programs as a strategy for digital income diversification in halal products. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The informants in this study are affiliate marketers who actively utilize digital platforms. The results show that e-commerce affiliate programs play a significant role as an alternative source of income that is flexible and accessible to various groups. In addition, this strategy is effective in expanding the marketing reach of halal products without requiring high promotional costs. The success of affiliate program implementation is influenced by several factors, including personal branding, content consistency, product selection, and the ability to build consumer trust. This study concludes that e-commerce affiliate programs are a relevant and potential strategy for supporting digital income diversification while strengthening the halal industry ecosystem in the digital economy era.
creator: Dela Safitri
creator: Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi
creator: Ridan Muhtadi Ridan Muhtadi
creator: Muhammad Zainur Rahman Afandi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dela Safitri, Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi, Ridan Muhtadi Ridan Muhtadi, Muhammad Zainur Rahman Afandi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-06
publication date: 2026-04-06
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 391
ending page: 404
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3389

Transformation of Santri Identity in the Era of Globalization: A Systematic Literature Review of Cultural Hybridity, Digitalization, and Pesantren Resilience
type: item
description: Amidst the massive escalation of globalization and the phenomenon of digital disruption, the identity of santri (Islamic boarding school students) is undergoing a fundamental transformation from traditional-exclusive patterns toward a more dynamic, adaptive, and hybrid identity construction. This study aims to comprehensively map the dynamics of santri identity transformation using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of various reputable scientific literatures. By implementing the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol, 14 primary articles published between 2021 and 2026 were analyzed in-depth through qualitative synthesis techniques. The findings identify three main pillars of identity shift: (1) the internalization of information technology, such as the implementation of the Santri Identity Card (SIC) and the Pedatren management system, which have transformed into new instruments for data-based character discipline (digital behavioral control); (2) the emergence of a "hybrid identity" where santri are capable of negotiating religious values within secular public spheres and social media through glocalization strategies; and (3) the strengthening of structural resilience through the "Hybrid Leadership" model of Kyai, which integrates traditional charisma with modern participatory management. This research concludes that pesantren institutions have successfully executed a "Technology for Character" strategy, where modernity is adopted without degrading traditional roots. The results provide significant implications for the development of Islamic education policies in shaping the profile of the "New Santri" globally competitive individuals who remain firmly grounded in the principles of Islam Nusantara’s religious moderation.
creator: Amalia Nasir
creator: Tri Wahyudi Ramdhan
creator: Mufaizin Mufaizin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Amalia Nasir, Tri Wahyudi Ramdhan, Mufaizin Mufaizin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-06
publication date: 2026-04-06
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 405
ending page: 420
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3390

Contextualization Of Hadith By Syuhudi Ismail As A Method Of Understanding Contemporary Hadith
type: item
description: The study of the understanding or matan of hadith has become the focus of study of contemporary scholars after the discontinuity of transmission and the absence of new transmission. Unlike the classical scholars who focused on the study of the hadith, contemporary scholars discuss the meaning or content of the hadith because this is considered important to be understood and then practiced by Muslims. In the study of the meaning of hadith, many contemporary scholars contextualize hadith to bring the meaning of hadith closer to the current context. One of the Indonesian scholars of hadith who contextualized hadith is Syuhudi Ismail through his book Textual and Contextual Hadith of the Prophet by characterizing some of the traditions listed as temporal, universal and local traditions after analyzing the asbabul wurud and the existence of the 'illat of the hadith. This research uses a qualitative method, literature review by making the book by Syuhudi Ismail as the primary source and other scientific articles as secondary sources.
creator: Raadliyatush Shalihah
creator: Muhammad Habibi Hamzah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Raadliyatush Shalihah, Muhammad Habibi Hamzah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-07
publication date: 2026-04-07
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 421
ending page: 432
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2044

Analysis of Multicultural Education in Pancasila and Citizenship Education Learning in Schools (Study at SMPN 21 Mataram)
type: item
description: Indonesia is a nation with diverse cultures, religions, and languages that should be acknowledged and understood by the younger generation. Multicultural education plays a crucial role in resolving conflicts arising from these differences. This study aims to explore the implementation of multicultural education in Civic Education (PPKn) at SMPN 21 Mataram and identify the supporting and inhibiting factors. A qualitative research approach with a descriptive method was employed. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings indicate that multicultural education is integrated through the school’s vision, mission, curriculum, and inclusive, democratic teaching methods. Key supporting factors include the Merdeka Curriculum, teacher pedagogical competence, and student diversity, while major challenges include low student discipline and limited facilities. In conclusion, the implementation of multicultural education in PPKn at SMPN 21 Mataram has significant potential in developing students who are tolerant and respect diversity, although there are challenges that need to be addressed.
creator: Raudatul Ismi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Raudatul Ismi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-07
publication date: 2026-04-07
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 433
ending page: 442
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2039

Historical Traditions and Linguistic Analysis in the Interpretation of the Qur'an: Comparison of the Tafsir of Jawāhir al-Hisān and Ma'ālim at-Tanzīl
type: item
description: The classical tradition of interpretation is rich in the diversity of methodologies developed by the mufassirs, especially in the form of summary writing. This research aims to compare the interpretation patterns of al-Baghawi and ats-Tsa'alibi in order to reveal unique characteristics, considering the status of these two works as a result of the transmission and summary of previous authoritative works. The focus of the study is directed at the interpretation of QS. al-Fatihah [1]: 2 which represents the typology of theological verses-praise, and QS. an-Nisa’ [4]: 34 which represents the typology of legal verses and social relations. This research uses comparative analysis methods, the results of the research show that al-Baghawi tends to use a moderate bi al-ma'tsur approach with a concise but history-intensive presentation. In contrast, Ats-Tsa'alibi highlights deeper integrative characteristics in linguistic, grammatical (i'rab), and contextual analysis, although it remains based on history. On the issue of nasyuz, both agree on the stages of the wife's education, but Ats-Tsa'alibi is more detailed in exploring linguistic meanings to provide preventive limits on injustice. This study contributes to the treasures of tafsir studies by mapping the transmission of classical commentators' scholarship as well as clarifying the methodological position of these two figures in Islamic intellectual history. This research confirms that the accentuation distinction between pure history approaches and linguistic-contextual analysis is not merely technical, but rather a mufasir response to the needs of different times.
creator: Anggun Puspita Ningrum
creator: Muhammad Habib Izzudin Amin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Anggun Puspita Ningrum, Muhammad Habib Izzudin Amin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-07
publication date: 2026-04-07
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 443
ending page: 458
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2038

The Role of Schools as a Social System in Efforts to Implement Multicultural Values ​​at SMKN 2 Mataram
type: item
description: This research aims to analyze the role of the school as a social system in implementing multicultural values at SMKN 2 Mataram. By using descriptive qualitative methods, which are based on the characteristics of a phenomenon or problem. Data was collected through observation, interviews and documentation methods carried out at the research location. The research results show that 1) SMKN 2 Mataram plays a significant role as a social system by providing activities and programs based on multicultural values, 2) SMKN 2 Mataram's efforts are to implement programs such as Civics Learning, Cultural Saturdays, Project for Strengthening Pancasila Student Profiles (P5 ) and other efforts such as anti-bullying seminars and counseling by guidance and counseling teachers that strengthen students' understanding of diversity. 3) Supporting factors for implementing multicultural values include adequate facilities and infrastructure, full support from teachers, and the use of modern learning media. Then there are obstacles such as uneven student participation and a lack of awareness among some students of the importance of multicultural values.
creator: Almira Wulandari
creator: Cinta Nurhidayah
creator: Auliya Rahmawati
creator: Anindya Rospianita
creator: Yunita Utami Putri
creator: Sawaludin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Almira Wulandari, Cinta Nurhidayah, Auliya Rahmawati, Anindya Rospianita, Yunita Utami Putri, Sawaludin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-07
publication date: 2026-04-07
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 458
ending page: 468
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2037

The Basic Foundations of Parental and Child Rights in Islam: A Perspective Study of QS. Al-Isra Verses 23-24
type: item
description: The relationship between parents and children is an important aspect in Islam as emphasized in the QS. Al-Isra Verses 23-24. This verse provides guidance regarding children's obligations to be filial to their parents, especially when they enter old age. This research aims to analyze the rights between parents and children from an Islamic perspective using a qualitative approach with a literature study on the interpretation of the Al-Qur'an. The results of the study show that filial piety to parents is an obligation that is parallel to the command to worship Allah, including respect, affection and good treatment, without saying or showing rude behavior. Islam also emphasizes a balance of rights, where parents have the right to be respected and cared for, while children have the right to education, love and protection. This study confirms that QS. Al-Isra Verses 23-24 are the foundation for family harmony, especially amidst the challenges of the modern era.
creator: Puspita Ais Anggraini
creator: Noorazmah Hidayati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Puspita Ais Anggraini, Noorazmah Hidayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-07
publication date: 2026-04-07
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 469
ending page: 480
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2036

The Effect of The Use of ChatGPT on Student’s Learning Motivation in PAI Subjects at SMK Permata Negeri Garut
type: item
description: This research was motivated by the problems that occurred at SMK Permata Negeri Garut, where the results of an interview with one of the students at SMK Permata Negeri Garut revealed that they were more enthusiastic about participating in the learning process in vocational subjects than other subjects because it involved more technology in the learning process which made them more enthusiastic and enthusiastic in participating in the learning process. This study aims to find out how much influence the use of ChatGPT has on students' learning motivation in PAI subjects in class XI TKJ SMK Permata Negeri Garut. This research is based on the idea that students' learning motivation is influenced by the use of learning media, one of which is artificial intelligence-based learning media, namely ChatGPT. On this basis, the use of appropriate learning media can increase learning motivation, and vice versa. This study uses a quantitative approach and a descriptive method, with correlation analysis techniques. The population in this study is class students at SMK Permata Negeri Garut. The sample he used was class XI TKJ as many as 36 people. The data collection method uses observation, questionnaires, and interviews. In conclusion, this study shows that the use of ChatGPT significantly affects students' motivation to learn. Although the measurable level of relationship is low, the existence of statistical significance shows that ChatGPT has the potential to improve the quality of learning. These findings make an important contribution to the literature and understanding of the use of technology in educational contexts, as well as provide a prospective view for future research development and practical implementation.
creator: Fuad Munawar
creator: Ujang Dedih
creator: Mulyawan Safwandy Nugraha
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Fuad Munawar, Ujang Dedih, Mulyawan Safwandy Nugraha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-08
publication date: 2026-04-08
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 481
ending page: 494
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2050

Integrating Self-Determination Theory (SDT) into Islamic Education in the Digital Era: A Systematic Literature Review (2020-2026)
type: item
description: This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) aims to explore the integration of Self-Determination Theory (SDT) within the Islamic educational ecosystem during the era of digital disruption (2020–2026). The primary focus of this research is to dissect the interaction between basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness) and transcendental values such as Adab (ethics), Ikhlas (sincerity), and Mas’uliyyah (responsibility). Utilizing the PRISMA protocol, this study analyzes 52 reputable scientific articles to synthesize the theoretical gap between modern learner autonomy and spiritual authority in Madrasas and Pesantrens. Methodologically, the findings indicate a research transformation toward complex structural model testing (SEM) and the validation of contextual psychometric instruments. The results demonstrate that digital innovation plays a dual role: enhancing technical autonomy while simultaneously demanding a reinforcement of the teacher's role as a moral scaffold. This research successfully conceptualizes the "Spiritual Motivation" model, wherein learning is viewed as a manifestation of Fitrah (innate human nature) to seek divine blessings. It is concluded that SDT principles maintain high compatibility with Islamic pedagogy within a theocentric framework. These findings provide a theoretical contribution to Islamic educational psychology and offer practical guidance for educators in managing student motivation in the Society 5.0 era without reducing spiritual identity.
creator: Azmi Himmana Ilvi
creator: Tri Wahyudi Ramdhan
creator: Moh Holil Baitaputra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Azmi Himmana Ilvi, Tri Wahyudi Ramdhan, Moh Holil Baitaputra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-08
publication date: 2026-04-08
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 495
ending page: 510
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3388

A Multidisciplinary Approach to Islamic Religious Education: Psychological, Political, and Legal Perspectives
type: item
description: This study aims to examine and describe a multidisciplinary framework for Islamic Religious Education through the integration of psychological, political, and legal approaches. The psychological approach focuses on students' motivation, development, and personality as a basis for strengthening the process of internalizing values. The political approach examines the influence of educational policies, state ideology, and the dynamics of pluralism in directing the orientation of Islamic Religious Education learning. Meanwhile, the legal approach is analyzed to understand the normative and regulatory foundations that support the implementation of Islamic Religious Education in Indonesia. This study uses library research. Data were collected through a literature search of journals and books. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that the integration of these three approaches produces a more comprehensive, adaptive, and contextual framework for Islamic Religious Education. The psychological approach provides effectiveness in character-based learning, the political approach strengthens the relevance of Islamic Religious Education in the national education system, and the legal approach ensures the legitimacy and direction of religious value development. Overall, multidisciplinary Islamic Religious Education is able to shape religious students.
creator: Adam Adam
creator: Rizki Al-Gifari
creator: Andi Andi
creator: Wahyu Mulyadi
creator: Ilham Ilham
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Adam Adam, Rizki Al-Gifari, Andi Andi, Wahyu Mulyadi, Ilham Ilham https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-08
publication date: 2026-04-08
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 511
ending page: 525
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3099

Analysis of the Determinants of Academic Procrastination among Students an Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Perspective in the Context of Islamic Religious Education
type: item
description: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Academic procrastination is a recurring issue among university students, including those enrolled in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) programs, and it negatively affects learning effectiveness and academic performance. This behavior is characterized by delaying the initiation, process, or completion of academic tasks despite being aware of the potential consequences. This study aims to identify and analyze intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to academic procrastination among PAI students based on findings from national empirical studies. This research employs a library research method by reviewing six national articles that meet the following criteria: (a) discussing determinants of academic procrastination, (b) focusing on PAI students or students in Islamic higher education institutions The findings reveal that dominant intrinsic factors include low learning motivation, weak self-regulation, physical and psychological fatigue, lack of self-confidence, and difficulty maintaining concentration. Meanwhile, dominant extrinsic factors consist of task overload, academic pressure, organizational commitments, digital distractions, online gaming addiction, weak lecturer student communication, and insufficient learning facilities. Additionally, some studies highlight that PAI students face additional challenges such as overlapping religious activity schedules and spiritual obligations, which may influence academic prioritization. These results demonstrate that academic procrastination among PAI students is a multidimensional phenomenon shaped by psychological, academic, environmental, and spiritual factors. Therefore, comprehensive intervention efforts are needed, including strengthening self-regulation, time management, and integrating Islamic spiritual values as an ethical foundation for academic discipline in Islamic higher education.
creator: Novia Firdayanti
creator: Muhammad Wildan Shohib
creator: Muh. Nur Rochim Maksum
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Novia Firdayanti, Muhammad Wildan Shohib, Muh. Nur Rochim Maksum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-08
publication date: 2026-04-08
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 526
ending page: 535
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3095

Gold Mining Practices in Negeri Batin Village and Their Implications: An Analysis of Law No. 2 of 2025
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze gold mining practices in Negeri Batin Village and their implications from the perspective of Law Number 2 of 2025 on Mineral and Coal Mining. The research employs a qualitative method with an empirical juridical approach. Data were collected through field observations, interviews with mining workers, local communities, and village officials, as well as supporting documentation. The findings indicate that most gold mining activities in Negeri Batin Village have not complied with the licensing requirements as stipulated in Article 35 of Law Number 2 of 2025. In addition, post-mining environmental management has not been carried out optimally in accordance with environmental protection principles. The implications of these mining practices reveal positive impacts, such as increased community income and expanded employment opportunities, but also negative impacts, including environmental degradation, river pollution, and increased occupational safety risks. This study emphasizes the need for strengthened supervision, law enforcement, and policies that prioritize environmental sustainability and community welfare in the management of community-based gold mining.
creator: Muhammad Aziz Saputra
creator: Ani Mardiantari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Aziz Saputra, Ani Mardiantari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-08
publication date: 2026-04-08
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 536
ending page: 547
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3313

Evaluation of Digital Technology Integration in Islamic Religious Education Curriculum: Analysis of Documents and Learning Media
type: item
description: This study aims to evaluate the integration of digital technology in the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) curriculum and learning media, specifically in KMA No. 183 and 184 of 2019. The background of this research is based on the demands of digitalization in education, which require a balance between technology, pedagogy, and Islamic values. The method used was a qualitative approach with document analysis and observation of digital learning media such as LMS, e-modules, interactive videos, and podcasts. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model through the stages of reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that digital technology integration has been normatively accommodated in the curriculum and is beginning to be implemented in learning practices through various interactive digital media. However, its implementation is not optimal due to its implicit nature in basic competencies, limited teacher digital literacy, and a lack of strengthening of students' digital ethics. Conclusion: The success of digital technology integration in PAI depends heavily on the balance between Islamic content, pedagogy, and technology (TPACK), as well as the strengthening of spiritual values and digital ethics in the learning process.
creator: Sheila Mafaizah
creator: Siti Fatmawati
creator: Khairuddin Manurung
creator: Opik Taupik Kurahman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sheila Mafaizah, Siti Fatmawati, Khairuddin Manurung, Opik Taupik Kurahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-10
publication date: 2026-04-10
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 548
ending page: 565
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2915

Implementation of the Ethnoscience-Based Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Model in Science Learning for Class V of Al-Munawwarah Elementary School, Jambi City
type: item
description: This study aims to describe the implementation of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model based on ethnoscience in science-social (IPAS) learning for fifth-grade students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Munawwarah, Jambi City. This research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through classroom observation, in-depth interviews with teachers and students, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and thematic conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the implementation of CTL based on ethnoscience creates contextual learning, enhances students’ active participation, and helps students connect IPAS concepts with cultural and environmental phenomena around them. The integration of local values and real-life experiences strengthens conceptual understanding and fosters reflective scientific attitudes. Therefore, the CTL model based on ethnoscience is effective as a learning approach in Islamic elementary schools.
creator: Hana Thahirah
creator: Mahluddin Mahluddin
creator: Kiki Fatmawati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hana Thahirah, Mahluddin Mahluddin, Kiki Fatmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-10
publication date: 2026-04-10
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 566
ending page: 574
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3307

Curriculum and Arabic Language Learning Management at MQW JIC Islamic Boarding School Surakarta
type: item
description: Curriculum and Arabic language learning management play a crucial role in improving the quality of education in Islamic boarding schools. Curriculum management encompasses the interrelated stages of planning, implementation, and evaluation to ensure that educational objectives are effectively achieved. This study aims to analyze the curriculum and Arabic language learning management at Madrasatul Qur’an Al-Mutawassithoh (MQW), JIC Islamic Boarding School Surakarta, focusing on the stages of planning, implementation, and evaluation. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings indicate that teachers have made efforts to prepare lesson plans, select various teaching methods and strategies, and utilize Arabic textbooks, although these activities are not yet formally documented. Evaluation is conducted through daily assignments, speaking practice, oral and written examinations, as well as Mid-Semester (PTS) and Final-Semester (PAS) assessments. In addition, remedial classes are provided for students with lower proficiency, offered to parents as a supplementary learning program. The study concludes that curriculum management for Arabic language learning at MQW JIC Surakarta has been implemented through systematic stages of planning, implementation, and evaluation; however, further improvement is needed in formal planning and documentation of instructional tools to enhance effectiveness.
creator: Ahmad Nur Hafid
creator: Saiful Islam
creator: Mafidatul Ilmi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Nur Hafid, Saiful Islam, Mafidatul Ilmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-10
publication date: 2026-04-10
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 575
ending page: 590
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2173

Implementation of Customer Late Payment Penalties in Murabahah Contracts in Islamic Banking Based on Fatwa DSN-MUI
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the application of late payment penalties (ta’zir) in murabahah contracts at Bank Syariah Indonesia’s Purwakarta Branch and to assess their compliance with DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 17/DSN-MUI/IX/2000. The method used is qualitative with a case study approach through observation, interviews with relevant parties, and a review of contract documents and internal procedures. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of murabahah is conducted transparently, while late payment penalties are imposed through a verification process to distinguish between customers who are capable but intentionally delay payment and those experiencing force majeure. Penalties are calculated in accordance with the terms of the contract but are flexible, as they may be waived through specific policies for cooperative customers. The handling of late payments is conducted in stages and prioritizes consultation. Penalty funds are not recognized as bank revenue but are channeled as social funds. These findings indicate that the application of ta’zir is consistent with the provisions of the fatwa and reflects Sharia compliance oriented toward justice and the public interest.
creator: Novia Prima
creator: Ryan Bianda
creator: Abdul Rochim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Novia Prima, Ryan Bianda, Abdul Rochim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-10
publication date: 2026-04-10
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 591
ending page: 609
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3355

The Effectiveness of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in Developing Environmental Awareness among Junior High School Students in Urban and Rural Areas
type: item
description: Islamic Religious Education (PAI) plays a strategic role in shaping students’ character, morality, and social awareness. PAI learning is not only oriented toward strengthening spiritual aspects and religious ethics but also encompasses broader dimensions of human life, including awareness of environmental sustainability. The integration of ecological values into PAI learning within the school environment is expected to foster students’ environmental awareness and encourage behavioral changes in preserving and protecting nature. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of PAI learning in developing students’ environmental awareness. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive comparative design. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that PAI learning is effective in fostering students’ environmental awareness. The implementation of PAI learning in developing environmental awareness is carried out through the stages of planning, implementation, and evaluation, which are systematically designed and integrate religious values related to human responsibility in preserving the natural environment. Therefore, PAI learning contributes not only to strengthening students’ theological awareness but also to developing ecological attitudes in their daily lives. This study recommends that future research examine the integration of environmental values in PAI learning using quantitative or mixed-method approaches and expand the research context across various educational levels and school environments to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of its influence on students’ pro-environmental behavior.
creator: Hamidah
creator: Syaiful Anwar
creator: Ali Murtadho
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hamidah, Syaiful Anwar, Ali Murtadho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-10
publication date: 2026-04-10
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 610
ending page: 629
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3356

Analysis of the Implementation of the Al-Qur'an Memorization Policy at the Muhammadiyah Elementary Madrasah (MIM) Sumampir, Rembang, Purbalingga
type: item
description: This research is based on the awareness of the importance of education during childhood because education during that period will determine the success of education in the future. Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Muhammadiyah (MIM) Sumampir, Rembang, Purbalingga is one of the elementary educational institutions that has innovated in the curriculum by incorporating the Al-Qur'an memorization program into their educational curriculum. The success of MIM Sumampir in implementing this program is interesting to be studied further. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Al-Qur'an memorization policy at MIM Sumampir, Rembang, Purbalingga. The data analysis technique used in this study is the Miles and Huberman analysis model, including data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. Many previous studies have discussed the implementation of the tahfiz program in formal educational institutions. The novelty in this study lies in the research subjects due to differences in time and place and in the theory used for the analysis tool. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the tahfiz policy as a flagship program at MIM Sumampir has been running well when viewed using Edwards III's theory of the variables influencing the policy implementation process. The results indicate that MIM Sumampir has succeeded in directing each variable towards quality improvement, although several aspects still need to be evaluated.
creator: Miftahul Jannah
creator: Sabarudin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Miftahul Jannah, Sabarudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-10
publication date: 2026-04-10
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 630
ending page: 641
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3247

The Influence of Gamification Learning Strategy on Student Activeness in Islamic Cultural History Subject
type: item
description: This study aims to examine the effect of gamification learning strategies on students’ activeness in Islamic Cultural History (Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam/SKI) learning at Darul Abror Islamic Boarding School. The research employed a quantitative descriptive approach with simple linear regression analysis. The population consisted of all eighth and ninth grade students, totaling 151 students, while the sample included 43 students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Instrument validity was tested using the Pearson Product Moment correlation, and reliability was tested using Cronbach’s Alpha, yielding a reliability coefficient of 0.855, indicating that the instrument was reliable. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software. The results showed that the gamification learning strategy had a significant effect on students’ activeness, as indicated by a significance value of 0.000 (<0.05). The coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.352 indicated that gamification strategies contributed 35.2% to students’ activeness, while the remaining 64.8% was influenced by other factors. These findings suggest that gamification learning strategies can be an effective alternative to enhance students’ active participation in Islamic Cultural History learning.
creator: Yudina Anggita
creator: Nenden Munawaroh
creator: Asep Tutun Usman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Yudina Anggita, Nenden Munawaroh, Asep Tutun Usman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-10
publication date: 2026-04-10
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 642
ending page: 655
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3246

Accelerating Sharia Fintech Based on a Green Economy: The Creative Role of the Young Generation in the Society 5.0 Era
type: item
description: This research explores the role of the younger generation in optimizing sharia fintech through digital economy creativity and green economy in the Society 5.0 era for sustainable Islamic economic growth. Using qualitative research methods, this study analyzes how digital technologies, particularly Islamic fintech, contribute to financial inclusion and environmental sustainability. This study uses data from in-depth interviews and case studies to understand the perspective of the younger generation on the use of sharia fintech and its impact on the green economy. The results of the study show that the young generation has great potential in advancing sharia fintech, especially through innovations that support environmental sustainability and sharia principles. The findings also reveal that sharia fintech can meet Islamic financial criteria and contribute to financial inclusion. The implications of this study show the need for policies that support the development of sharia fintech and education that focuses on digital innovation. The recommendations for stakeholders including policymakers, academics, and practitioners of the sharia fintech industry are to strengthen support for the younger generation, create regulations that support innovation, and develop an environmentally friendly fintech platform.
creator: Aniesatun Nurul Aliefah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Aniesatun Nurul Aliefah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-10
publication date: 2026-04-10
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 656
ending page: 664
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3235

Amartya Sen: Political Economy in Indonesia (Amartya Sen: The role of politics on the economy in Indonesia)
type: item
description: This article will try to uncover the political problems that study specifically the economy in Indonesia using the perspective of Amartya Sen, one of the politicians based on economists from India. Researchers focus on the economic and political phenomena that exist in Indonesia and how the concepts and ideas offered by Sen in alleviating existing problems. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach with data obtained and analyzed by researchers and compared with various existing sources including theses, theses and scientific journals that can be trusted. There are various kinds of writings that explain the ideas, ideas or concepts brought by Sen, but no one has discussed specifically how they are implemented in Indonesia. The result of this research is that the ideas offered by Sen can be an alternative in an effort to alleviate the economic crisis and improve the existing political system in Indonesia. The researcher also considers that the ideas he brings are very relevant if applied in this country. Then at the end, it explains how important it is for Indonesian people to be aware and learn from economic and political phenomena in order to achieve a developed Indonesian state and a good economy.
creator: Mohamad Latief
creator: Alfian Amrullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mohamad Latief, Alfian Amrullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-10
publication date: 2026-04-10
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 665
ending page: 676
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2170

The Application of Burhani Epistemology in the Learning of Aqidah and Akhlak on the Material of Faith in the Last Day to Improve Students' Critical Thinking and Rational Beliefs
type: item
description: Problems in learning Aqidah Akhlak often arise due to the dominance of teacher-centered lecture methods, making students passive and less able to think critically or understand religious teachings rationally. This issue appears clearly in learning the material of faith in the Last Day, which generally emphasizes memorization without providing space for philosophical and rational reasoning. This study aims to apply the principles of Burhani epistemology in learning Aqidah Akhlak on the material of faith in the Last Day to improve students’ critical thinking and rational belief. This research employs a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design (Static Group Comparison Design), involving two groups: an experimental class using Burhani-based learning and a control class using conventional methods. Data were collected through critical thinking tests and rational belief questionnaires, then analyzed using normality tests, homogeneity tests, and t-tests. The results show that the data are normally distributed (Sig. > 0.05), not homogeneous (Sig. < 0.05), and that there is a significant difference between the two groups (Sig. 0.000 < 0.05). The average score of the experimental class increased to 89.47, while the control class increased to 56.00. Thus, the application of Burhani epistemology is proven effective in enhancing students’ critical thinking and rational belief, as well as integrating reason and revelation harmoniously. This approach is relevant for Aqidah Akhlak instruction to develop logical thinking, strong faith, and scientific morality in students.
creator: Siti Fatimatuzzahro
creator: Irawan Irawan
creator: Erni Haryati Kahfi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Fatimatuzzahro, Irawan Irawan, Erni Haryati Kahfi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-10
publication date: 2026-04-10
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 677
ending page: 689
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3021

Correlation of Learning Interest with Student Learning Outcomes at SDIT Al-Muthmainnah
type: item
description: This study is based on the phenomenon of low student interest in learning, such as lack of attention to teachers' explanations and low involvement in tasks, which has an impact on student learning outcomes. Based on this, this study aims to analyze the relationship between learning interest and student learning outcomes in Pancasila Education at SDIT Al-Muthmainnah. The research method used is a quantitative approach with a correlational type with a population of all fourth grade b and c students at SDIT Al-Muthmainnah with a total of 48 students. The sampling technique used random sampling, which produced 43 respondents as research subjects. Data were collected through a learning interest questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability, as well as documentation of students' formative scores. Data analysis was performed using the Product Moment correlation test. The results showed a significant positive relationship between learning interest and student learning outcomes with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.403 > r table = 0.308 with a significance level of 0.004 < 0.05. Thus, it can be concluded that these values indicate a significant relationship between learning interest and learning outcomes, with the level of relationship falling into the moderate or sufficient category. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that interest in learning is an important psychological factor that contributes to students' academic achievement. Therefore, increasing interest in learning needs to be a focus for teachers in optimizing learning outcomes in Pancasila Education subjects.
creator: Mira Oktopiya
creator: A.A. Musyaffa
creator: Donal Saputra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mira Oktopiya, A.A. Musyaffa, Donal Saputra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-10
publication date: 2026-04-10
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 690
ending page: 699
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3302

Formulation of Islamic Religious Education Teacher Competencies to Foster Digital Morals of Students in the Social Media Era
type: item
description: The rapid development of social media has created a disjunction between the moral values taught in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) and students' complex and often problematic digital behavior. PAI teachers are at the forefront of facing the challenge of guiding students to navigate ethically in cyberspace, yet their functions and competencies have not been adequately defined to meet today's demands. This study aims to critically analyze the conceptualization and implementation of PAI teachers' pedagogical functions in shaping students' digital morals and ethics, identify the fundamental problems they face, and formulate a new, relevant competency model. Using a qualitative approach with a literature review method analyzed through thematic synthesis, this study integrates findings from various credible scientific sources. The analysis shows that PAI teachers are in the process of reconceptualizing their function, shifting from normative instructors to facilitators and moral role models in the digital world. However, its implementation is hampered by fundamental problems including the digital literacy gap, psychological burden, and a lack of systematic institutional support. In response to these challenges, this study formulates a new competency model for Islamic Religious Education teachers consisting of six main pillars: (1) critical digital pedagogy, (2) proactive moral guidance, (3) ecosystemic collaboration, (4) contextual learning design, (5) personal resilience and adaptability, and (6) education policy advocacy. This model offers an integrated framework to equip Islamic Religious Education teachers with the capabilities needed to effectively shape a digitally competent, ethically mature, and morally upright young generation. This study has implications for the need for reform in teacher education curricula and professional development policies for religious educators in the digital era.
creator: Masfufah Masfufah
creator: Nikmatus Sholicha
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Masfufah Masfufah, Nikmatus Sholicha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-10
publication date: 2026-04-10
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 700
ending page: 719
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3396

Application of Augmented Reality (Ar) Technology in PAI Learning on Islamic History to Improve Student Learning Outcomes at SMPN 01 Pamekasan
type: item
description: This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in Islamic history using Augmented Reality (AR) technology. This study is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) model using the Kemmis and McTaggart model and was conducted with 32 students in grade XI at SMPN 01 Pamekasan. The study was conducted in two cycles. At the beginning of the meeting, a pre-test was administered to determine students' initial abilities, then at the end of each cycle, a post-test was administered to measure student understanding. Data collection techniques included learning achievement tests, observations, interviews, tests, and documentation. Data were analyzed descriptively using qualitative and quantitative methods. Indicators of success in this study were an increase in learning outcomes for each student by 10 points and a percentage of all students completing the learning achievement score of 80%. Before implementing augmented reality, student learning outcomes in the pre-action phase were 15%. After implementing augmented reality in cycle I, this increased to 63% of students completing the learning achievement. Meanwhile, in cycle II, student understanding increased further to 91%
creator: Qonita Alfiya Khoirunnisa
creator: Muliatul Maghfiroh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Qonita Alfiya Khoirunnisa, Muliatul Maghfiroh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-10
publication date: 2026-04-10
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 720
ending page: 741
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3403

The Influence of Mastery Learning Strategy on Student Learning Outcomes in Islamic Religious Education Subjects
type: item
description: This study aims to determine the effect of the Mastery Learning strategy on student learning outcomes in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in class XI-1 of SMA Negeri 1 Garut. The background of this study is based on the suboptimal student learning outcomes, which indicate that some students have not achieved the minimum mastery in PAI learning. This study involved 40 students using a stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires, observations, interviews, and documentation. The test results showed that the Mastery Learning strategy in SMA Negeri 1 Garut was dominated by an average positive category with an average value of 62.33 and student learning outcomes at SMA Negeri 1 Garut are dominated by a positive average category with an average value of 41.80. The results of the regression test show that the Mastery Learning learning strategy has a significant effect on student learning outcomes with a significance value of 0.005 (p <0.05). Meanwhile, the R Square value of 0.188 indicates a contribution of only 18.8%. The results of the study indicate that the Mastery Learning strategy has a positive effect on improving student learning outcomes, indicated by an increase in student understanding, attitudes, and skills after the implementation of the strategy. Thus, the implementation of Mastery Learning can be an effective alternative in improving learning outcomes in Islamic Religious Education subjects.
creator: Ismi Siti Fauziah
creator: Asep Tutun Usman
creator: Iman Saifullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ismi Siti Fauziah, Asep Tutun Usman, Iman Saifullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-11
publication date: 2026-04-11
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 742
ending page: 754
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3228

Islamic Family Law Perspective on Children Under Ages Who Work to Support Family (Study in Pasar Banggi Village, Rembang District, Central Java Regency)
type: item
description: Many children under the age of 18 who have been actively involved in economic activities, become child laborers with the most dominant reason being economic pressure experienced by their parents or other factors. This study aims to determine the driving and underlying factors of children working as breadwinners for families in Pasar Banggi Village. As well as a review of Islamic family law on children as breadwinners for families in Pasar Banggi Village. This researcher uses qualitative methods, the data in this study were obtained from primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the general description of working underage children due to the large number of them who work in Pasar Banggi Village as fishermen, farm laborers or other jobs is due to the most dominant economic factor, while other factors are environmental factors, parental factors, self-will factor, and habit factor. In terms of Islamic Family Law, the age limit for children to work is not directly explained in Article 98 of the Compilation of Islamic Law paragraph (1) the age limit for children who are able to stand alone or as adults is 21 years, as long as the child is not physically disabled. or mentally or have never been married. Child labor should be avoided considering the harm is greater than the benefit. In Surah Al-Baqarah verse 233 it is explained because providing a living is obligatory for parents.
creator: Ibnu Aqil
creator: Izzul Mutho`
creator: Abdul Rozak
creator: Muhammad Rizal Khoirul Umam
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibnu Aqil, Izzul Mutho`, Abdul Rozak, Muhammad Rizal Khoirul Umam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-11
publication date: 2026-04-11
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 755
ending page: 770
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2983

Sale of Inherited Land Without Heirs' Agreement: Analysis of the Basic Agrarian Law in Margorahayu Village, Mesuji
type: item
description: This study examines how the practice of selling inherited land without the consent of all heirs occurred in Margorahayu Village and analyzes its legal implications under the Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria. Field findings show that the disputed land remains part of an undivided estate (boedel waris) and has never been formally distributed among the heirs. Nevertheless, one of the heirs unilaterally sold the land through a private agreement acknowledged only by village officials, without executing an authentic deed before a Land Deed Official (PPAT). This action triggered family conflict and created uncertainty regarding the legal status of ownership. The research applies an empirical juridical approach with a qualitative descriptive method, drawing on field observations, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. The data are examined by assessing whether the material and formal requirements for the transfer of land rights were fulfilled, in light of theories of authority and legal certainty. The findings indicate that the transaction suffers from a defect of authority because it lacked the consent of all co-heirs and failed to meet formal legal requirements, thereby rendering it legally voidable and highlighting the gap between local social practices and the national land law system.
creator: Bagus Galih Aditya
creator: Ita Dwilestari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bagus Galih Aditya, Ita Dwilestari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-11
publication date: 2026-04-11
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 771
ending page: 781
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3374

The Position and Authority of the Ombudsman in the Government Administration Supervision System: Synergy and Tension with the Authority of the PTUN
type: item
description: This research aims to analyze the position and authority of the Ombudsman in the government administration supervision system and examine its functional relationship with the State Administrative Court, especially in the context of synergy and tension of authority. This research uses normative juridical methods with a legislative, conceptual, and case approach. The data used is in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials that are analyzed qualitatively through descriptive-analytical methods with deductive reasoning. The research results show that the Ombudsman and the State Administrative Court have different but complementary authority characters, where the Ombudsman acts as a preventive and corrective non-judicial supervisor, while the State Administrative Court acts as a repressive judicial institution and provides legal certainty. On the one hand, there is a potential for synergy between the two in strengthening the administrative supervision system through a tiered and mutually supportive dispute resolution mechanism. But on the other hand, there is tension in authority caused by paradigm differences, legal force, and the absence of a clear coordination mechanism, which implies legal uncertainty and the effectiveness of supervision. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen institutional regulation and coordination to optimize the relationship between the two institutions in realizing an accountable and fair government.
creator: Mutiara Jihan Aziza
creator: Dewi Sulastri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mutiara Jihan Aziza, Dewi Sulastri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-12
publication date: 2026-04-12
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 782
ending page: 793
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3394

Genealogy and the Dialectics of Modernity: Tracing the Historical Roots of Nusantara Islamic Education Hybridity (17th Century to the Digital Era)
type: item
description: This article analyzes the genealogy and dialectics of modernity as a strategic foundation for the transformation of Islamic education in Nusantara from the 17th century to the digital era. The study aims to dissect the consciousness structure behind the evolution of Islamic educational institutions as they transition from traditional entities to contemporary hybrid models. Using a qualitative design with a historical-phenomenological approach, this analysis traces the historical trajectory starting from the Jawi-Haramain transnational networks, the pesantren system, to the dialectical responses against colonialism and digital disruption. Research findings indicate that Islamic education in Indonesia has successfully constructed a 'third space' through 'genius acculturation,' shielding the institution from the dichotomy of secularism and extreme conservatism. The dialectics between tradition and modernity have produced competitive hybrid typologies that are now evolving into digital ecosystems. The study concludes that the transformative power of Nusantara Islamic education lies in its resilience in reconciling divine authority with technological literacy, offering a prototype for future Islamic education that is resilient to global disruption without losing its spiritual identity.
creator: Waliya Purnama Sari
creator: Indah Wigiati
creator: Fajri Ismail
creator: Yuniar Yuniar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Waliya Purnama Sari, Indah Wigiati, Fajri Ismail, Yuniar Yuniar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-12
publication date: 2026-04-12
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 794
ending page: 806
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3375

The Contribution of the Nurul Jannah Bunder Pademawu Taklim Council in Maintaining Madura's Local Wisdom Values
type: item
description: Hence, the researcher is interested in observing Nurul Jannah Majelis Taklim.This research aims describing Madurese local culture form in Nurul Jannah Majelis Taklim; describing Nurul Jannah Majelis Taklim role in keeping the value of Madurese local culture; and describing Nurul Jannah Majelis Taklim troubles in mantaining the value of Madurese local culture. This research uses qualitative approach and descriptive research type. The results of this research for the first focus (Madurese local culture form in Nurul Jannah Majelis Taklim) are politeness culture called as andhap asor; Bhasa Madurese language which has three levels of politeness bhasa kasar, bhasa tengngaan, dan bhasa alos; ta’dzim/ respecting attitude to the teachers by shaking hands, sitting, and walking politely; tabe manner in majelis or onjhangan; and Tengka in escorting the guest. The results of the second focus (Nurul Jannah Majelis Taklim role in keeping the value of Madurese local culture) are as a training facility in leading religious public activities; a place to learn bhasa madhura; a facility to build akhlakul karimah; a facility of the juvenile delinquency prevention; a place for accostumizing politeness (andhap asor); a place to learn tengka in escorting guests and serving dishes to the guest. The results of the third focus (Nurul Jannah Majelis Taklim’s troubles in mantaining the value of Madurese local culture are) are the low interest and enthusiasm of some members; influences of the new trend; feeling embarassed in showing Madurese Identity; and the low effort in following Majelis Taklim activity.
creator: Akh. Faqih Kurniawan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Akh. Faqih Kurniawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-12
publication date: 2026-04-12
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 807
ending page: 818
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3428

Improving Fifth Grade Student Learning Outcomes through Science Learning at MIS Nurul Yaqin
type: item
description: This study aims to improve students’ learning outcomes in the subject of Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) through the implementation of the Problem Based Instruction (PBI) model in class V-C at MIS Nurul Yaqin Muaro Jambi. The research method used was Classroom Action Research (CAR), conducted in two cycles with 22 students as the research subjects. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, learning outcome tests, and documentation. The data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods. The results showed that the implementation of the PBI model increased student engagement, improved the learning process, and significantly enhanced learning outcomes. This was indicated by an increase in learning mastery from 40.90% in the initial condition to 77.27% in Cycle I and further to 90.91% in Cycle II. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Problem Based Instruction model is effective in improving students’ learning outcomes in IPAS, particularly on the topic of Earth as a Living Space.
creator: Nurfisah Nurfisah
creator: Tabroni Tabroni
creator: Heroza Firdaus
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nurfisah Nurfisah, Tabroni Tabroni, Heroza Firdaus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-14
publication date: 2026-04-14
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 819
ending page: 832
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3288

Financial Literacy as a Catalyst for the Formation of Islamic Economic Morals in Students: A Case Study at SB SIKL Cheras, Malaysia
type: item
description: This study was motivated by the importance of early financial literacy in shaping economic character in accordance with Islamic values, especially for migrant children in informal educational settings where character development is often neglected. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of financial literacy as a catalyst in shaping the Islamic economic character of students at SB SIKL Cheras Malaysia. The method used was a qualitative case study approach with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, which were then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The results showed that the application of financial literacy through the practical “Celengan Impian” (Dream Piggy Bank) program was effective in improving students' understanding of distinguishing between needs and wants and the principles of Islamic money management. In conclusion, financial literacy has proven to be a catalyst that successfully internalizes the values of honesty, responsibility, discipline, and qona'ah (modesty) in students' daily economic behavior. This program provides a strong foundation of economic ethics for students in informal educational environments.
creator: Dita Ayu Anggita Sari
creator: Sholikah Sholikah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dita Ayu Anggita Sari, Sholikah Sholikah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-14
publication date: 2026-04-14
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 833
ending page: 842
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3385

Research Methodology Design as a Foundation for the Development of Educational Science
type: item
description: Research methodology is crucial for the advancement of educational science. For research to be conducted systematically and purposefully, an appropriate methodological design is necessary. The purpose of this article is to explore ideas about research methodology design and its role as a foundation for the advancement of educational science. This study employed a qualitative methodology, along with a library research approach. Data were obtained from various sources, such as research methodology books, scientific journals, and educational research articles. In the documentation, various references related to research methodology were reviewed to facilitate the data collection process. The results of the study indicate that research methodology design encompasses many concepts and theories related to the research problem. The study demonstrates that research methodology design encompasses the formulation of the research problem, the selected research method, data collection techniques, data analysis techniques, and systematic research procedures. An effective research methodology design will assist researchers.
creator: Wildayah Musyafa
creator: Muhammad Abdullah Sidiq
creator: Vina Nanda Sugesti
creator: Siti Khotimah
creator: Idham Kholid
creator: Bambang Sri Anggoro
creator: Mujib Mujib
creator: Mardiyah Mardiyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Wildayah Musyafa, Muhammad Abdullah Sidiq, Vina Nanda Sugesti, Siti Khotimah, Idham Kholid, Bambang Sri Anggoro, Mujib Mujib, Mardiyah Mardiyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-14
publication date: 2026-04-14
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 843
ending page: 850
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3386

Integration of Islamic Values in Green Economy-Based Waste Management in Islamic Boarding Schools
type: item
description: The issues raised in this study are related to the environment, which is one of the pressing issues due to its detrimental impacts on humans, ecosystems, and the balance of nature. The urgency of Islamic boarding schools as Islamic educational institutions plays a crucial role in instilling awareness of the importance of maintaining a clean and healthy environment. The concept of Green Economy is oriented towards an economic paradigm that focuses on reducing negative impacts on the natural environment, while also improving social and economic welfare in an inclusive manner. This study aims to analyze how the integration of Islamic values, Green Economy-based waste management, and the role of Islamic boarding schools as agents of change for the community through waste management at the Annuqayah Islamic boarding school in the Lubangsa area. The method used in this study is qualitative with a case study approach aimed at understanding the perspectives of Islamic boarding school residents regarding the integration of Islamic values in Green Economy-based waste management. The data collection techniques used were interviews, observation, and documentation that supported the research focus. Meanwhile, to analyze the data, the author conducted data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that there are three values ​​integrated in waste management, namely the value of cleanliness, the value of ecological reality, and the value of environmental materials. Green Economy-based waste management is seen in the efficient use of existing resources and the utilization of waste into something valuable, as well as efforts to minimize waste stocks at the Annuqayah Islamic Boarding School in the Lubangsa area. The impact of the Islamic boarding school's role as an agent of change for the community through waste management has an impact on social, economic, and community aspects. The social impact can be seen in changes in the behavi…
creator: Muhtadi Abdul Mun’im
creator: Nur Atika Alias
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhtadi Abdul Mun’im, Nur Atika Alias https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-14
publication date: 2026-04-14
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 851
ending page: 866
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3387

Islamic Radical Movement, Jihad, and Terorism in Indonesia
type: item
description: This article discusses the recent development of Islamic world which related to radical movements Southeast Asia and the problem with the nation of jihad or religious terrorism. The radical movements in the history of Islamic development began in the early phase, it was marked by the presence of Khawarij group during the era of sahabat. This Khawarij group appeared due to the dissatisfaction of the political decision between Ali ad Muawiyah, thus caused the appearance of radical understanding by infidled (mengkafirkan) groups outside their group. The subsequent development of Islamic radicalism in the global world continuous to appear in different forms, and it also appears in every country including Indonesia. The incident of Black September, ISIS, Al-Qaeda, Jamaah Islamiyah, are the new forms of salafi jihad that uses terrorism to achieve their goal, and it caused the controversy in the Islamic world, is that considered as jihad or terrorism?
creator: Fahmi Irfani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Fahmi Irfani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-14
publication date: 2026-04-14
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 867
ending page: 879
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3401

The Multicultural-Based Independent Learning Curriculum at SMPN 7 Mataram: Strategies to Improve Academic Achievement and Tolerance
type: item
description: This research discusses the implementation of the multicultural-based Independent Learning Curriculum at SMPN 7 Mataram as a strategy to improve academic achievement and build students' tolerant character. Education in Indonesia faces challenges in developing a generation that is not only academically intelligent but also has strong character amidst diversity. The Merdeka Belajar curriculum provides freedom for teachers and schools to adapt learning materials and methods according to student needs, while the multicultural approach aims to instill values of tolerance and respect for differences. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection through observation, interviews and documentation. The research results show that SMPN 7 Mataram integrates multicultural values in the curriculum through project-based learning, cooperative learning, and inquiry- based approaches. Apart from that, extracurricular activities and cultural programs also contribute to shaping student character. The implementation of this curriculum not only improves students' academic achievements but also shapes them into individuals who are tolerant and ready to contribute to a multicultural society. Thus, the multicultural-based Independent Learning Curriculum at SMPN 7 Mataram is expected to become an effective model in education that prioritizes diversity and inclusiveness.
creator: Liza Azhari
creator: Rani Ayu Ningtias
creator: Bayu Segara Agung
creator: Nurmaulida Fajrina
creator: Eti Sulastri
creator: Sawaludin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Liza Azhari, Rani Ayu Ningtias, Bayu Segara Agung, Nurmaulida Fajrina, Eti Sulastri, Sawaludin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-14
publication date: 2026-04-14
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 880
ending page: 890
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2018

Minor Dynasties to the West and East of Baghdad
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the small dynasties that emerged in the western and eastern regions of Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate. Using a qualitative descriptive method and a literature study approach, this research collects data from various literature sources such as books, journals, and relevant articles. The analysis is carried out through stages of reduction, categorization, and interpretation of the collected literature. The main focus of this study is on the basic principles of developing teaching materials that are relevant to the curriculum, effectiveness, efficiency, as well as theoretical approaches in the fields of education, language, and teaching material development. The small dynasties that emerged as a result of political disintegration in the 10th century demonstrate how local groups such as the Persians and Turks established dynasties like the Tahirid, Saffarid, and Samanid in the eastern region of Baghdad, and the Idrisid, Aghlabid, and Tulunid in the western region of Baghdad. Although most of these dynasties did not last long, they played an important role in maintaining regional stability and introducing semi-autonomous governance that connected peripheral regions with the center of the caliphate. This study is expected to provide a deeper understanding of the political dynamics during the disintegration of the Abbasid Caliphate and its contribution to the development of Islamic civilization at that time.
creator: Chaerul Andi Sakri
creator: A. Muhammad Batara
creator: Umar Sulaiman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Chaerul Andi Sakri, A. Muhammad Batara, Umar Sulaiman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-14
publication date: 2026-04-14
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 891
ending page: 900
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2017

Educational Media in Islamic Education
type: item
description: The development of science and technology increasingly encourage renewal efforts in the utilization of technology results in teaching and learning process. One of the technology that can be used in teaching and learning process is education media. Educational media used must be adapted to the development and demands of the times. The use of appropriate educational media in the learning process will facilitate the achievement of learning objectives. The purpose of this paper is to describe that educational media has been known and used in Islamic education system since the beginning of Islam. The discussion method used is descriptive method. The results of this research is that at the beginning of the spread of Islam has been known teaching and learning activities, when the educational media already exists and has been applied by the Prophet Muhammad S.A.W. in teaching science and Islamic law to the companions. In addition, in the hadits there are several terms used to indicate the use of educational media in learning, such as pictures, pebbles and fingers. The conclusion of this paper is that the educational media will influence the absence of a complete and appropriate learning information target, and affect the outcome of the learning process undertaken.
creator: Mursidin
creator: Ratu Suntiah
creator: Nurlatifah Azzahra
creator: Hani Rolis Aliyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mursidin, Ratu Suntiah, Nurlatifah Azzahra, Hani Rolis Aliyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-14
publication date: 2026-04-14
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 901
ending page: 908
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2016

Analysis of ChatGPT Utilization by Islamic Education Students from the Perspective of the Foundations of Islamic Education
type: item
description: Advances in information and communication technology, particularly in the form of artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT, have brought significant changes to the world of education, including in Islamic Religious Education (PAI). This study aims to analyze the use of ChatGPT by 7th-Semester Islamic Religious Education (PAI) students in Class D, 2024, at UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, focusing on its suitability with the foundations of Islamic Education. This technology, although offering easy access and efficiency in learning, is not designed to consider profound Islamic values, such as wisdom, etiquette, and tawhid, which are the basic principles of Islamic education. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method, collecting data through questionnaires distributed to 34 PAI students. The analysis results show that students tend to use ChatGPT in a positive and responsible manner, despite the potential for dependence on this technology, which can reduce the depth of understanding of the study of the Qur'an and Hadith. With a very high reliability of the research instrument (0.946), these findings indicate that the use of ChatGPT can enrich the learning of PAI students, provided that it continues to consider the principles of Islamic education in its application. This research confirms that technology integration in Islamic education, when conducted with moral and ethical awareness, can enrich learning without neglecting essential religious values. Going forward, technology integration, such as ChatGPT, in Islamic education can continue to be developed while maintaining harmony between technological innovation and Islamic scientific principles.
creator: Hasan Basri
creator: Yuni Purnama Sari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hasan Basri, Yuni Purnama Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-14
publication date: 2026-04-14
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 909
ending page: 923
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2013

Psychological Approaches to Enhancing the Effectiveness of Learning at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Pesantren Persis 88 in Cimahi City
type: item
description: This study aims to explore the role of psychological approaches in enhancing learning effectiveness at Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) Pesantren Persatuan Islam (Persis) 88 in Cimahi City. The psychological approach utilized involves a comprehensive understanding of students' psychological needs, such as motivation, emotions, and interpersonal relationships, to support the teaching and learning process. This research employs a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through observations, interviews with teachers and students, and analysis of learning documents. The results show that the consistent application of psychological approaches can increase student engagement, improve interaction patterns between teachers and students, and foster a conducive learning atmosphere. Key factors supporting the success of this approach include teachers' competence in understanding students' psychological aspects, the use of adaptive teaching strategies, and a learning environment that accommodates students' emotional needs. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for other educational institutions in optimizing learning effectiveness through psychological approaches.
creator: Asep Sobirin
creator: Tarsono
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Asep Sobirin, Tarsono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-14
publication date: 2026-04-14
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 924
ending page: 931
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2010

Religious-Rational as an Epistemological Framework for Islamic Education: A Critical Review of the Thoughts of KH. A. Wahid Hasyim
type: item
description: Contemporary Islamic education still faces an epistemological problem in the form of a dichotomy between religious and general knowledge, which has the effect of reducing the meaning of education. Religious knowledge is often understood in a normative-dogmatic manner, while general knowledge develops within a framework of instrumental rationality with minimal value orientation. This article aims to analyze and reconstruct the religio-rational concept in the educational thought of KH. A. Wahid Hasyim as an epistemological framework for Islamic education. This research uses library research with a conceptual-philosophical analysis approach to relevant works and literature. Data are analyzed using content analysis and conceptual synthesis techniques to uncover the relationship between revelation, reason, and moral values in education. The results of the study indicate that religio-rationalism positions revelation as a source of values and ethical orientation, while reason functions as a rational instrument in understanding reality and developing knowledge. This framework rejects the epistemological dichotomy and offers a validity of truth that is not only logical and empirical, but also oriented towards social welfare and moral formation. This article concludes that religio-rationalism is a relevant epistemological foundation for the renewal of integrative, humanistic, and contextual Islamic education in facing the challenges of modernity.
creator: Astia Arlinda
creator: Maragustam Maragustam
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Astia Arlinda, Maragustam Maragustam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-14
publication date: 2026-04-14
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 932
ending page: 940
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3211

Postponement of Marriage due to Inability to Read the Qur'an in Community Traditions Perspective of Munakahat Fiqh and Maslahah Murlah
type: item
description: The tradition of requiring the ability to read the Qur’an for prospective brides and grooms in Lambu District, Bima Regency, represents a living socio-religious practice with strong normative influence in the marriage process. In practice, this tradition may lead to the postponement of the marriage contract for individuals who have not yet met the required level of Qur’anic literacy. This study aims to analyze the legal status of the Qur’an-reading tradition from the perspective of Islamic marriage jurisprudence (fiqh munakahat) and to assess its relevance through the approaches of maslaḥah mursalah and ‘urf. This research employs a qualitative method with a juridical-sociological approach. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation, and analyzed using descriptive-analytical techniques. The findings indicate that the ability to read the Qur’an is neither a pillar nor a legal requirement for the validity of marriage according to classical fiqh and the Compilation of Islamic Law. Nevertheless, this tradition may be categorized as valid custom (‘urf sahīh) because it does not contradict Islamic legal texts and serves to strengthen religious values within marriage. From the perspective of maslaḥah mursalah, the tradition contains clear benefits, particularly in the form of premarital religious guidance and the enhancement of moral readiness among prospective spouses. Therefore, the Qur’an-reading tradition should be maintained as a form of religious guidance, provided that it is not positioned as a mandatory legal requirement for the validity of marriage.
creator: Khuzaifah Khuzaifah
creator: Izzul Mutho`
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Khuzaifah Khuzaifah, Izzul Mutho` https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-14
publication date: 2026-04-14
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 941
ending page: 955
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3304

Spirituality and Ethics in Surah Al-Fajr: A Comparison of Al-Misbah's and Al-Azhar's Tafsirs
type: item
description: This study examines the dimensions of spirituality and ethics in Surah Al-Fajr through a comparative study between Tafsir Al-Azhar by Buya Hamka and Tafsir Al-Misbah by M. Quraish Shihab. The main issue raised is how the messages of the Qur'an respond to the moral crisis and modern materialism. Using a qualitative method with a comparative interpretation approach, this study analyzes the interpretations of the two exegetes on key verses concerning divine oaths, the history of previous peoples, trials of sustenance, and the concept of peace of mind. The results show that both exegetes agree that faith is the core response to life's trials and emphasize that Islamic spirituality is inseparable from social responsibility. The fundamental difference lies in their interpretive orientation: Quraish Shihab in Tafsir Al-Misbah emphasizes a rational-contextual approach and linguistic analysis to correct the theological paradigm. Conversely, Buya Hamka in Tafsir Al-Azhar tends to use a moral-social and Sufi-applicative approach linked to inner experience and social reality. This study concludes that the integration of these two approaches provides a solid normative foundation for the formation of public ethics and transformative spirituality in the contemporary era.
creator: Hartono Hartono
creator: Raiz Anwar
creator: Ahmad Isnaeni
creator: Siti Badiah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hartono Hartono, Raiz Anwar, Ahmad Isnaeni, Siti Badiah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-14
publication date: 2026-04-14
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 956
ending page: 972
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3342

The Use of Wordwall Media Based on Problem Based Learning and Its Impact on Students' Mathematics Learning Outcomes
type: item
description: This research was motivated by the low mathematics learning outcomes of students and the use of conventional, passive learning media that made students feel bored during the learn-ing process. Monotonous and less engaging learning activities caused students to lose moti-vation to learn. In addition, the lack of opportunities for students to directly experience and practice the learning material became an obstacle in understanding the concepts being taught. Therefore, efforts were needed to improve students’ learning outcomes by providing treatment through more interactive learning media based on problem solving, namely Wordwall media based on Problem Based Learning (PBL). The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a significant effect of using Wordwall media based on PBL on the mathematics learning outcomes of Grade III students. This study employed a quantita-tive approach using a one-group pretest-posttest design. Data were collected through ques-tionnaires and analyzed using normality tests and t-tests. The results showed an increase in questionnaire scores before and after the use of Wordwall media based on PBL, with the average score increasing from 6.8 to 15.5. The researcher found that the use of Wordwall media based on PBL had a significant effect on the learning outcomes of Grade III students. The significance test result was 0.000, and since 0.000 < 0.05, the null hypothesis (H₀) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Hₐ) was accepted. This indicates that the use of Wordwall media based on PBL had a significant effect on students’ learning outcomes.
creator: Devika Rindi Anastasya Putri
creator: Gupo Matvayodha
creator: Minnah EL Widdah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Devika Rindi Anastasya Putri, Gupo Matvayodha, Minnah EL Widdah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-14
publication date: 2026-04-14
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 973
ending page: 981
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3345

Application of SWOT Analysis in Determining the Business Strategy of the Kafi Mart Cooperative, Wali Songo Islamic Boarding School
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the application of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis in determining the business strategy of the Kafi Mart Cooperative at the Wali Songo Sukajadi Islamic Boarding School. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, structured interviews with managers, employees, students, and the surrounding community, and documentation. Data analysis utilized data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results indicate that Kafi Mart's strengths include a captive market of students, a strategic location, support from the Islamic boarding school, and customer loyalty. The main weaknesses lie in its undigitized management system and limited product variety. Development opportunities stem from trends in the Islamic boarding school economy and business digitalization, while threats stem from competition from nearby stores and changing consumer preferences. Recommended strategies include strengthening digital management, product diversification, and improving service quality. The application of SWOT analysis has been proven to assist the cooperative in formulating a more systematic and sustainable business strategy.
creator: Lucky Firman Afriyansah
creator: M. Afifudin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Lucky Firman Afriyansah, M. Afifudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-14
publication date: 2026-04-14
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 982
ending page: 991
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3427

Reconstruction of Integrative Islamic Education: An Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Model in the Digital Era
type: item
description: The development of digital technology has brought significant changes to Islamic education, requiring methodological and epistemological adaptations to maintain its relevance. The process of digitalizationmarked by the emergence of artificial intelligence, big data, and virtual learning environments has shifted the educational paradigm from traditional systems toward technology-based learning models. This study aims to reconstruct Islamic education studies through interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches within the context of digitalization. The method employed is library research, involving the collection and analysis of literature from reputable journals, academic books, scientific articles, and relevant documents. The analysis was conducted descriptively and analytically using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, which was chosen for its ability to provide structured, transparent, and replicable scientific evidence from various empirical research sources, thereby enabling learning to become more holistic and contextual. The databases selected were chosen for their reputation as high-quality sources encompassing numerous peer-reviewed scholarly journals. Meanwhile, the multidisciplinary approach strengthens cross-disciplinary collaboration in developing curricula and fostering innovation in digital-based learning. Furthermore, digitalization demands an epistemological reconstruction to ensure that Islamic values can continue to be internalized through modern technology.
creator: Arna Saskia
creator: Syukri Iska
creator: Sri Fitra Oktrivia
creator: Kumaidi Kumaidi
creator: Muamar Aziz
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Arna Saskia, Syukri Iska, Sri Fitra Oktrivia, Kumaidi Kumaidi, Muamar Aziz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-16
publication date: 2026-04-16
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 992
ending page: 1002
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2916

An Anthropological Approach to Understanding the Dynamics of Islamic Education in Multicultural Society
type: item
description: This study aims to examine the role of anthropological approaches in understanding the dynamics of Islamic education within Indonesia’s multicultural context, particularly in relation to the rising issues of intolerance, exclusivism, and tensions rooted in socio cultural diversity. Using a library research design, the study analyzes contemporary scholarly works, policy documents, and recent empirical findings published in the last five years to explore how local variations in Islamic educational practices emerge across pesantren, madrasah, and public schools. The research further investigates how Islamic teachings are negotiated, adapted, and reinterpreted within diverse cultural settings, and how these processes shape students’ attitudes toward tolerance and inclusivity. The findings show that anthropological perspectives emphasizing culture, context, and everyday social practices provide essential insights for building Islamic education models that are more adaptive, inclusive, and socially grounded. The study concludes that incorporating anthropological analysis into Islamic education policy and practice can strengthen multicultural understanding and contribute to the development of more cohesive and harmonious learning environments within Indonesia’s plural society.
creator: Yulinda
creator: Rusmaeni Rusmaeni
creator: Ade Andriani
creator: Ruslan Ruslan
creator: Nasaruddin Nasaruddin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Yulinda, Rusmaeni Rusmaeni, Ade Andriani, Ruslan Ruslan, Nasaruddin Nasaruddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-16
publication date: 2026-04-16
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1003
ending page: 1012
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2965

Legal-Social Relations in Marriage Dispensation: A Comparative Study of the Tangerang Religious Court and the Serang Religious Court
type: item
description: This study investigates the interplay between legal norms and social realities in marriage dispensation cases, through a comparative analysis of the Religious Courts in Tangerang City and Serang City. The increasing number of applications for underage marriage highlights the tension between statutory regulations and socio-cultural practices. Employing a socio-legal approach and qualitative methodology, the research draws on primary sources, including court decisions and interviews with judges, as well as secondary literature in the fields of law and social science. The findings demonstrate that, although both courts adhere to the same legal basic namely Law No. 16 of 2019 amending the Marriage Law there are marked differences in judicial reasoning shaped by local social contexts. The Tangerang court tends to prioritise procedural formality and child protection, whereas the Serang court shows greater accommodation of local cultural considerations. These variations underscore the extent to which legal decisions are influenced by the social environments in which they are embedded, reaffirming the dynamic relationship between law and society.
creator: Lutvia Prakasiwi
creator: Muhammad Rizal Khoirul Umam
creator: Izzul Mutho`
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Lutvia Prakasiwi, Muhammad Rizal Khoirul Umam, Izzul Mutho` https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-16
publication date: 2026-04-16
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1013
ending page: 1025
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3015

Typology of Hadith Madrasas in Mecca and Their Figures
type: item
description: Hadith scholars are encouraged to guard and preserve hadith from generation to generation because of its very important position and function in Islamic teachings. This guarding and preservation began during the time of the Companions and continues to this day. It was the Companions and senior tābi'īn who first spread to various regions and organized scientific circles (ḥalaqah) throughout the region to help spread hadith. This community is called “Hadith Madrasah” by contemporary hadith researchers. This article aims to discuss “Hadith Madrasah,” starting from the definition, urgency, and technical steps of its study, as a reference for researchers who are interested in conducting this study. This research is a type of qualitative research using historical methods. The approach used is descriptive-analytical with data collection techniques using library research. The results of this study indicate that the Hadith Madrasah is a "community of narrators and hadith experts with the same characteristics between one member and another, related to the media for conveying and maintaining hadith, both riwāyah and dirāyah, at a certain time and place. Anyone who wants to investigate the Hadith Madrasah must follow at least six technical steps.
creator: Sarah Fauziah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sarah Fauziah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-16
publication date: 2026-04-16
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1026
ending page: 1038
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2025

Implementation of Multicultural Education in the Gendang Beleq Extracurricular Activity at Sman 4 Mataram
type: item
description: Multicultural education is education that is intended to instill a sense of tolerance, respect for different backgrounds among people. Multicultural education aims to build students' attitudes and knowledge through understanding diversity. At SMAN 4 Mataram, this education is implemented through the extracurricular Gendang Beleq, a traditional Lombok art. The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection through observation, interviews, documentation. This research aims to explore the implementation of multicultural education in the Gendang Beleq extracurricular and identify the challenges faced. The research results show that this extracurricular is one of the milestones in implementing multicultural education because it can integrate cultural values, social values and the value of togetherness or mutual cooperation for students. However, in its implementation there were several obstacles experienced such as a lack of understanding of culture, lack of supporting resources, limited student interest and even cultural stereotypes among students.
creator: Inni Khaerunnisa’
creator: Rahmawati
creator: Lian Kamila fitri
creator: Idayanti
creator: Dony Jayeswara
creator: Dio Wira Winanja
creator: Sawaludin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Inni Khaerunnisa’, Rahmawati, Lian Kamila fitri, Idayanti, Dony Jayeswara, Dio Wira Winanja, Sawaludin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-16
publication date: 2026-04-16
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1039
ending page: 1046
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2020

Religious Music According to the Perspective of Ustaz Adi Hidayat and Ustaz Khalid Bassalamah
type: item
description: This study aims to examine the differences and similarities between Ustaz Adi Hidayat and Ustaz Khalid Basalamah regarding the Islamic ruling on music. Music is a universal phenomenon that holds not only aesthetic value but also emotional, social, and spiritual influence on human life. In Islamic discourse, debates about the permissibility of music have persisted for centuries, mainly due to the absence of explicit Qur’anic verses that either prohibit or permit it. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach to explore the arguments of both scholars from legal (fiqh), social, and cultural perspectives. The findings indicate that Ustaz Adi Hidayat allows music as long as it conveys positive meaning and does not contradict Islamic principles, while Ustaz Khalid Basalamah prohibits music because it may distract believers and harden the heart. Through this comparison, the study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the position of music in Islam and to encourage a balanced attitude in evaluating art through a religious lens.
creator: Aisyah Fitri Nur Hasanah
creator: Nindita Farah Sasmaya
creator: Aullya Anisa’ Fauziah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Aisyah Fitri Nur Hasanah, Nindita Farah Sasmaya, Aullya Anisa’ Fauziah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-16
publication date: 2026-04-16
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1047
ending page: 1059
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3031

Language Proficiency Test In Arabic Language Learning
type: item
description: This study aims to explore the development of techniques and instruments for language knowledge testing in Arabic language learning. Language tests play a significant role in the evaluation of learning, not only to measure grammar and vocabulary proficiency but also to assess listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Based on a literature analysis, this study suggests the application of a more diverse and comprehensive approach to the development of Arabic language tests, taking into account digital technology, access challenges, and relevant teaching needs. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature review that analyzes theories and previous studies related to Arabic language evaluation instruments. The main findings show that digital-based assessment instruments, such as online tests and project-based assessments, offer flexibility and efficiency, although challenges related to student honesty and unequal access to technology need to be addressed. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of developing assessment instruments that incorporate cognitive, psychomotor, and affective aspects of students, and recommends introducing digital-based instruments that can be accessed equitably by all students.
creator: Amalia Lailatul Muna
creator: Nanang Kosim
creator: Eva Fauziah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Amalia Lailatul Muna, Nanang Kosim, Eva Fauziah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-16
publication date: 2026-04-16
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1060
ending page: 1070
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2019

Investment Risks in Commodity Futures Trading from a Sharia Economic Perspective
type: item
description: Commodity Futures had become a rapidly growing investment instrument in Indonesia since the enactment of Law Number 10 of 2011. Data from the Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency indicated a significant upward trend in trading volume, highlighted by a major surge in 2022 reaching 14.97 million lots. While offering substantial opportunities for investors through hedging functions and price discovery, futures trading also carries high risks due to market volatility and speculative tendencies. Accordingly, financial literacy particularly from a Sharia economic perspective plays a crucial role in strengthening public understanding of associated market risks. This article aims to analyze commodity futures trading within the framework of Islamic economics, emphasizing principles of justice, transparency, and the prohibition of riba (interest), gharar (uncertainty), and maysir (gambling). The National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI) Fatwa No. 96/2015 on Sharia hedging serves as a key reference in assessing the conformity of PBK practices with Islamic law. This research employs a literature study method by reviewing relevant academic sources, regulations, and fatwas. The findings show that futures trading is permissible under Sharia principles as long as it supports real economic needs, ensures transparency, and remains free from harmful speculative practices. Thus, increasing Sharia-based financial literacy and risk comprehension is essential in encouraging prudent public participation while safeguarding Sharia compliance and supporting sustainable economic development.
creator: Muhammad Ariyanto
creator: Tri Hidayati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Ariyanto, Tri Hidayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-16
publication date: 2026-04-16
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1071
ending page: 1082
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3038

Study of the Principle of Ad-darurah Tubih Al-mahzurat in Islamic Criminal Law: The Case of Euthanasia
type: item
description: Euthanasia is a global issue that continues to be debated, especially from a legal and ethical perspective. In Islamic law, the principle of protection of life (hifz al-nafs) is the main basis for rejecting the practice of euthanasia. However, there is a fiqh principle Ad-darurah tubih al-mahzurat which permits prohibited actions in emergency situations, thus giving rise to debate whether this principle can be applied to euthanasia. This study aims to examine the application of this principle in the context of euthanasia based on Islamic law and compare it with positive legal regulations in various countries. The research method used is a qualitative study with a normative approach, involving literature analysis from classical books, fatwas of scholars, Islamic legal journals, and positive legal regulations. The results show that Islamic law generally rejects euthanasia because it is considered contrary to the principles of maqasid sharia. Although there are fatwas that permit certain medical procedures in emergency situations, euthanasia remains categorized as an act that is not permitted by Islamic criminal law. In contrast, several Western countries have legalized euthanasia with strict regulations, unlike Muslim countries, which generally prohibit the practice. The conclusion of this study confirms that the application of emergency rules in euthanasia must consider the principles of maqasid sharia as well as broader ethical and legal aspects. Therefore, further study and coordination between Islamic scholars, medical professionals, and policymakers are needed to formulate regulations that align with Islamic principles and developments in modern medicine.
creator: Mulyono Jamal
creator: Habiburrahman Mustofa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Habiburrahman Mustofa, Mulyono Jamal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-17
publication date: 2026-04-17
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1083
ending page: 1098
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2145

Curriculum Development and Learning Innovation to Improve Teacher Professionalism
type: item
description: This article discusses curriculum development and learning innovation as an effort to improve teacher professionalism. In the context of ever-evolving education, teacher professionalism is the main key to improving the quality of learning and producing quality graduates. Curriculum development based on the need for 21st century competence, as well as the implementation of creative and relevant learning innovations, is expected to enrich students' learning experience and strengthen teachers' pedagogical skills. This article also examines various curriculum models that can be applied, including competency-based curriculum and integrative curriculum, as well as various innovative learning methods such as project-based learning, technology utilization, and active learning.
creator: Munawir
creator: Firdausy Nuzula
creator: Mila Nailis Salamah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Munawir, Firdausy Nuzula, Mila Nailis Salamah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-17
publication date: 2026-04-17
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1099
ending page: 1111
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2269

Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences from the Perspective of Islamic Education
type: item
description: Education that humanizes humans is education that is able to educate and develop a person's personality covering all aspects. However, unfortunately intelligence is still often understood as an ability that is emphasized on certain aspects only. Thus, a broader and comprehensive concept of intelligence is needed. This study aims to determine the concept of multiple intelligences according to Howard Gardner and its relevance to the concept of Islamic education. This research is a qualitative research with literature study research method. The primary data of this research is sourced from Howard Gardner's book, Multiple Intelligences: Multiple Intelligences in Theory in Practice translated. Lyndon Saputra and secondary data sourced from books, journals and other literature related to the theory of multiple intelligences and Islamic education. Data collection is done by documentation technique. The data analysis technique uses content analysis. The results show that: 1) Multiple intelligences according to Howard Gardner are the ability to solve problems and create something that has cultural values, consisting of linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist and existential intelligences. 2) Multiple intelligences in the perspective of Islamic education are interpreted that every human being has a nature since he was born, including: religious nature, reason, morality and character, cleanliness and purity, truth, independence, justice, equality and unity, social, individual, sexual, economics, politics and the arts. 3) The relevance of the concept of multiple intelligences according to Howard Gardner with the concept of Islamic education, namely, both of them explain that every human being has basic potential, is equally oriented to the development of potential, recognizes various kinds of intelligence and there are several verses of the Qur'an which contain an explanation of each. -each intelligence in Howard…
creator: Yayah Badriyah
creator: M. Djaswidi Al-Hamdani
creator: Soni Samsu Rizal
creator: Nurjanah Nurjanah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Yayah Badriyah, M. Djaswidi Al-Hamdani, Soni Samsu Rizal, Nurjanah Nurjanah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-19
publication date: 2026-04-19
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1112
ending page: 1130
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3249

Deconstructing the Common Link Theory: Analysis and Critique in Hadith Studies
type: item
description: The study of the authenticity of hadith has been a topic of interest including to orientalists. Some of them doubted the authenticity of the traditions on the grounds that the isnad emerged late and many traditions had only one route of transmission hence their historical validity was questionable. In addition, they disagree with the methods of sanad and matan criticism used by hadith scholars in determining the validity of a tradition. The main objective of this study is to understand the approach they use in scientifically analyzing hadith. The method used is to see how the orientalists developed their theories to distinguish between authentic and fabricated traditions. One such theory is the common link theory. This theory was first introduced by Joseph Schacht and further developed by G.H.A. Juynboll. Common link refers to the transmitter who is considered responsible for the transmission of a hadith. However, this theory has been criticized by other orientalists such as Azami, Nabia Abbott, and Sezgin. Juynboll was even considered to be imaginative in developing this theory. In response, he attempted to strengthen his argument by explaining the working principles and logical basis of the theory and comparing it with conventional methods in hadith studies to determine which method is more feasible.
creator: Nadia Khairiyah
creator: Luqmanul Hakim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nadia Khairiyah, Luqmanul Hakim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-19
publication date: 2026-04-19
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1131
ending page: 1151
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3281

The Role of Islamic Religious Education in Shaping Anti-Hoax Attitudes and Wise Digital Literacy in STITMA Yogyakarta Female Students
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the role of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in shaping anti-hoax attitudes and wise digital literacy among female students at STITMA Yogyakarta. This study uses a qualitative approach with case study and phenomenology methods. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations of female students in the Islamic Religious Education Study Program, supported by library data as secondary sources. The results show that Islamic Religious Education plays a significant role in shaping anti-hoax attitudes through the internalization of Islamic values, particularly tabayyun, the prohibition of slander and gossip, trustworthiness, and moral responsibility in digital media. These values encourage female students to be critical, verify information, and refrain from spreading unconfirmed information, including religious hoaxes. However, this study also found challenges in the form of the rapid flow of digital information and limited critical digital literacy skills. Therefore, strengthening digital literacy based on Islamic Religious Education values through contextual learning and applicable educational programs is an important requirement in building ethical and responsible digital behavior.
creator: Nayaka Nafisa Ahmad
creator: Warni Mukti
creator: Yumna Alya Hariyadhi
creator: Widyaningtyas Kusuma Wardani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nayaka Nafisa Ahmad, Warni Mukti, Yumna Alya Hariyadhi, Widyaningtyas Kusuma Wardani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-19
publication date: 2026-04-19
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1152
ending page: 1163
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3290

Transformational Leadership of Kiai in Pesantren Management: A Qualitative Study of Islamic Educational Management
type: item
description: In the era of educational disruption, pesantren are required to transform without losing their traditional (salaf) identity. The role of the Kiai as a central leader is a determinant factor in the success of such change management. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Kiai's transformational leadership in pesantren management, specifically in the aspects of institutional vision development and human resource empowerment. Methods: This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the Kiai, foundation board members, and teachers, as well as through participatory observation and documentation. Data analysis used the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana model, including data condensation, data display, and drawing conclusions. Data validity was tested through source and technique triangulation. Findings: The research findings indicate that the Kiai's transformational leadership is operationalized through four main dimensions: (1) Idealized Influence through moral excellence and spiritual charisma; (2) Inspirational Motivation through the internalization of values of sincerity and independence; (3) Intellectual Stimulation by encouraging managerial ijtihad in the curriculum; and (4) Individualized Consideration through a humanistic paternalistic approach. The Kiai successfully integrates pesantren values with modern management principles (POAC) to enhance institutional competitiveness. Conclusion/Implications: This study concludes that the transformational leadership model in pesantren is unique, characterized by a blend of theological authority and managerial professionalism. The implications of this research strengthen transformational leadership theory within the context of non-formal Islamic educational organizations.
creator: Agung Syarifudin
creator: Anna Setiani
creator: Siti Khoirotun Nafi’ah
creator: Busthomi Ibrohim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Agung Syarifudin, Anna Setiani, Siti Khoirotun Nafi’ah, Busthomi Ibrohim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-19
publication date: 2026-04-19
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1164
ending page: 1178
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3294

Strengthening Technology-Based Student Self-Leadership through the Socialization of the Zotero Application in the Islamic Education Management Study Program at IAIN Takengon
type: item
description: The rapid development of technology in the digital era has significantly influenced higher education, including students of the Islamic Education Management (MPI) Study Program at IAIN Takengon. While technology provides broader access to information and learning resources, it also increases the risk of plagiarism due to the ease of obtaining data without proper management. This study aims to describe the strengthening of student self-leadership through the socialization of the Zotero application as a technology-based strategy. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through observation, interviews, socialization activities, and documentation. The findings reveal that Zotero socialization positively impacts students’ self-leadership in three aspects: (1) self-awareness, where students recognize the importance of digital reference management as a preventive measure against plagiarism; (2) self-regulation, which enhances their ability to organize learning and writing systematically through library folders and consistent citation practices; and (3) self-motivation, which fosters both internal and external encouragement to produce high-quality academic work. Thus, Zotero functions not only as a reference management tool but also as a medium for cultivating self-leadership relevant to the demands of the digital era. This study concludes that integrating technology into learning supports digital literacy, academic independence, and student productivity, aligning with the vision of the MPI Study Program at IAIN Takengon to produce adaptive and integrity-driven graduates in Islamic education.
creator: Tiarani Mirela
creator: Amiga Putri Minanda
creator: Lailatussaadah Lailatussaadah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tiarani Mirela, Amiga Putri Minanda, Lailatussaadah Lailatussaadah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-19
publication date: 2026-04-19
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1179
ending page: 1187
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3295

Historical Study of Philosophy and Ancient Greek Science: Pre-Socratics and Classical Greece
type: item
description: This study explores the development of philosophy and science in Ancient Greece through a historical approach, highlighting the contributions of philosophers such as Thales, Pythagoras, Plato, and Aristotle in shaping the foundations of rational thought and scientific methodology. The research identifies how Greek philosophy laid the groundwork for scientific traditions by integrating metaphysical speculation with empirical observation. Furthermore, it examines the interaction between philosophical thought and scientific inquiry in fields such as cosmology, mathematics, and biology, which significantly influenced the progress of modern science. Employing a library research method, this study analyzes classical sources and modern literature to reveal how Ancient Greek philosophy and science became a critical foundation for the intellectual evolution of human civilization. The findings demonstrate the relevance of Ancient Greek thought in the context of contemporary knowledge development, particularly in strengthening rational and interdisciplinary approaches across various disciplines.
creator: M. Hasan Ishfi
creator: Salminawati
creator: Ahmad Ardhi Mauluddin Sitorus
creator: M. Imam Nawawi Rangkuti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 M. Hasan Ishfi, Salminawati, Ahmad Ardhi Mauluddin Sitorus, M. Imam Nawawi Rangkuti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-21
publication date: 2026-04-21
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1188
ending page: 1203
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2113

Historical Study of MTsN 2 Deli Serdang: Development and Its Influence on Student Character Formation
type: item
description: This study explores the history and development of MTsN 2 Deli Serdang and its influence on shaping students' character. MTsN 2 Deli Serdang was established in 1994 with the vision of becoming an Islamic educational institution that excels in fostering a generation of morally upright individuals. The research employs a historical approach, utilizing document analysis and in-depth interviews to understand the role of the madrasa in addressing the challenges of character education in the modern era. The findings reveal that the madrasa consistently integrates Islamic values into its curriculum, extracurricular activities, and Islamic learning environment. The urgency of this study lies in the increasing challenges of globalization, which threaten to erode Islamic values in shaping the character of younger generations. This madrasa plays a vital role in shaping a generation that is not only academically competent but also possesses strong Islamic character by balancing knowledge and religious education. Through innovative and adaptive teaching methods, MTsN 2 Deli Serdang remains relevant in providing quality education, supported by exemplary teachers, family involvement, and community engagement. As a solution to the challenges of character development in the modern era, the madrasa combines traditional approaches with modern learning technologies without neglecting religious values. Activities such as worship routines, tahfiz programs, and extracurricular activities based on Islamic values effectively build students’ character. The madrasa also actively forges relationships with the community through social activities that strengthen students' roles as beneficial individuals within their communities. This study is expected to serve as a model for the development of Islamic education in Indonesia, particularly in shaping a young generation with strong character and high integrity. MTsN 2 Deli Serdang demonstrates that Islamic value-based education can provide a holist…
creator: M. Hasan Ishfi
creator: Zaini Dahlan
creator: Mas Teguh Wibowo
creator: Dia Ayu Khairani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 M. Hasan Ishfi, Zaini Dahlan, Mas Teguh Wibowo, Dia Ayu Khairani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-21
publication date: 2026-04-21
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1204
ending page: 1217
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2115

The Effect of Education Costs on Parents' Interest in Registering Children at SDIT Ibu Harapan Bengkalis
type: item
description: Education is one of the most important aspects of human resource development in a country. In Indonesia, the cost of education is often a determining factor in parents' interest in enrolling their children in certain schools. Many parents feel pressured by the high cost of education, so they are forced to choose schools with lower costs even though the quality may not be as good as the more expensive schools. This study aims to explore more deeply the relationship and the degree of influence between tuition fees and interest. This study applies a quantitative approach with a correlation method that aims to determine the extent to which variables in one or more factors are interconnected. Data was collected by giving questionnaires to 248 student guardians. The results show that tuition fees have no effect on parents' interest in enrolling their children at SDIT Ibu Harapan Bengkalis.
creator: Isti Khomah
creator: Haris Riadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Isti Khomah, Haris Riadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-21
publication date: 2026-04-21
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1218
ending page: 1227
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2226

Islamic Boarding School Curriculum Management at Daarut Tauhiid Boarding School
type: item
description: Curriculum management is one aspect that influences the success of learning in educational institutions. This research aims to identify the planning, implementation, organization and management control of Islamic boarding school curriculum development at the Daarut Tauhiid Islamic Boarding School. This research uses a qualitative approach. Research data was collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. To find out that the data collected in this research was correct, a data validity test was carried out using triangulation techniques. The research conducted shows that management of the Islamic boarding school curriculum at the Daarut Tauhiid Islamic Boarding School is carried out systematically through four main stages: planning, organizing, implementing and controlling. In planning, a workshop was carried out by the quality standards development team (TPSM) with the assistance of expert consultants, the results of which were agreed upon by the school principal. Organizing was carried out by forming a TPSM to supervise curriculum implementation. Implementation is carried out through pre-processal, processional and evaluation stages. Control is carried out by direct supervision, unannounced inspections, periodic briefings, as well as evaluation of learning outcomes by musyrif through exams.
creator: Lutpi Mubarok
creator: Badrudin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Lutpi Mubarok, Badrudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-21
publication date: 2026-04-21
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1228
ending page: 1237
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2074

The Effectiveness of the Problem Based Learning Model Assisted by Snake and Ladder Game Media on Student Learning Outcomes
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the effect of implementing the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by the Snake and Ladder Game (SLG) media on the cognitive learning outcomes of students in Mathematics in grade II at MI Al-Munawwarah, Jambi City. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method and a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. There were 57 students in the study, divided into an experimental class and a control class. The experimental class was taught using the PBL model assisted by the SLG media, while the control class used the PBL model without the game media. Data collection was conducted through pre-tests and post-tests, while data analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics, including normality tests, homogeneity tests, Independent Sample t-Tests, and N-Gain analysis. The results showed that the average post-test scores and N-Gain of the experimental class were higher than those of the control class. The t-test results obtained a significance value of 0.047 (< 0.05), which indicates a significant difference in learning outcomes. Thus, it can be concluded that the application of the PBL model assisted by the Snake and Ladder Game media has a significant effect on improving students' cognitive learning outcomes in mathematics learning.
creator: Widiyastuti Widiyastuti
creator: Mahluddin Mahluddin
creator: Arif Wiratama
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Widiyastuti Widiyastuti, Mahluddin Mahluddin, Arif Wiratama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-21
publication date: 2026-04-21
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1238
ending page: 1251
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3298

The Relevance of Maqasid Syari'ah Yusuf Qardawi to the Dropshipping Concept
type: item
description: Dropshipping is a growing digital business model in e-commerce. However, from an Islamic economic perspective, this system creates legal dilemmas related to product ownership and contract transparency. This study aims to analyze the relevance of Yusuf Al-Qaradawi's maqashid sharia to the dropshipping concept to determine whether this business model complies with Islamic economic principles. The research method used is a qualitative approach based on literature review, with deductive and comparative analysis of maqashid sharia. The results show that dropshipping can be implemented in Islamic economics, provided there is clarity in the contract, transparency of information, and protection of consumer rights to avoid gharar. Therefore, clearer sharia regulations are needed for dropshipping practices to ensure compliance with maqashid sharia.
creator: Imam Kamaluddin
creator: Hannan Arsyad Karimullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Imam Kamaluddin, Hannan Arsyad Karimullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-21
publication date: 2026-04-21
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1252
ending page: 1266
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2158

Painting of Living Creatures from an Islamic and Western Perspective
type: item
description: Painting of living creatures is a form of artistic expression that reflects the cultural views and values ​​of the society that created it. This journal aims to explore the differences in views between Islamic and Western traditions regarding the painting of living creatures, and the impact of these differences on the development of art. In the Islamic context, the depiction of living creatures is considered taboo based on the hadith that prohibits imitation of God's creation, so Islamic art places more emphasis on calligraphy, geometry, and non-figurative motifs. In contrast, Western painting, especially since the Renaissance era, shows freedom in depicting humans and nature with a realistic approach, as done by famous artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. This study aims to analyze the fundamental differences in worldview, theology, and aesthetics between the two artistic traditions. Using a cross-cultural comparative approach, this study fills a gap in the study of painting of living creatures that has not been widely discussed in the modern context. Data were obtained through a literature review that included artworks, historical documents, and analysis of religious texts and theories. This type of research is qualitative research with a comparative approach, which focuses on a comparative analysis between two different artistic traditions in the context of the representation of living creatures.
creator: Shaila Radhiyya Haqi
creator: Nur Izzah Sofiyani
creator: Shabrina Jauharotus Sakia
creator: Pena Revisa Yahya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Shaila Radhiyya Haqi, Nur Izzah Sofiyani, Shabrina Jauharotus Sakia, Pena Revisa Yahya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-21
publication date: 2026-04-21
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1267
ending page: 1276
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2072

The Influence of the Utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Islamic Religious Education and Character Education Learning at State Senior High School 14 Bandar Lampung
type: item
description: The rapid development of digital technology has driven the transformation of educational practices through the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as an adaptive, interactive, and data-driven learning innovation. In the context of formal education, including Islamic Religious Education (PAI), the utilization of AI has the potential to measurably enhance instructional effectiveness while simultaneously strengthening students’ cognitive and affective domains. However, its implementation must be balanced with ethical foundations and moral responsibility to minimize the risks of technological misuse. This study aims to analyze the effect of AI utilization on students’ PAI learning outcomes and character development at SMA Negeri 14 Bandar Lampung. A quantitative approach was employed using a cluster sampling technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS through the Tests of Between-Subjects Effects. The findings indicate that AI utilization has a significant effect on improving PAI learning outcomes (F = 15.528; p < 0.05), with an R² value of 0.250, suggesting that 25% of the variance in learning outcomes is explained by AI usage. Furthermore, the effect of AI on character development demonstrates a stronger influence (F = 123.594; p < 0.05) with an R² value of 0.726, indicating a substantial contribution to students’ character formation. These findings confirm that AI integration impacts not only academic achievement but also the reinforcement of values and attitudes. Future research is recommended to expand the sample scope, develop more comprehensive experimental designs, and incorporate mediating and moderating variables to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms through which AI influences PAI and character education learning.
creator: Muhammad Adib
creator: Chairul Anwar
creator: Bambang Sri Anggoro
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Adib, Chairul Anwar, Bambang Sri Anggoro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-21
publication date: 2026-04-21
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1277
ending page: 1300
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3346

http://al-afkar.com/index.php/Afkar_Journal/article/view/3424
type: item
title: The Contribution of Islamic Religious Education Teachers’ Social Competence in Enhancing Students’ Learning Motivation at Al Kautsar Senior High School and Al-Azhar Senior High School in Bandar Lampung
description: The development of technology and the evolving characteristics of adolescents in the modern era require teachers not only to possess pedagogical competence but also adequate social competence in establishing harmonious, communicative, and inspiring interpersonal relationships. As Islamic-based educational institutions in Bandar Lampung, SMA Al-Kautsar Bandar Lampung and SMA Al-Azhar Bandar Lampung exhibit distinctive religious characteristics that are relevant to be examined, particularly in the context of the contribution of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers’ social competence to students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. This study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis was conducted through the stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the social competence of PAI teachers in both schools is categorized as good, as reflected in effective communication skills, empathetic attitudes, openness, and exemplary behavior in social interactions. Students’ learning motivation, both intrinsic and extrinsic, is also categorized as good. The findings suggest that teachers’ social competence contributes positively to enhancing students’ learning motivation, as harmonious interpersonal relationships are able to create a conducive, participatory, and meaningful learning environment. Based on these findings, future research is recommended to examine more deeply the influence of teachers’ social competence using quantitative or mixed methods approaches in order to obtain more measurable levels of effect. Furthermore, future studies may be expanded to different educational levels or other relevant variables, such as teachers’ personality competence, learning environment, and the role of technology in enhancing students’ learning motivation.
creator: A. Ikhlas Muhtar Hadi
creator: Imam Syafi'i
creator: Ali Murtadho
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 A. Ikhlas Muhtar Hadi, Imam Syafi'i, Ali Murtadho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-21
publication date: 2026-04-21
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1301
ending page: 1320
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3424

Living Theology of the Punggahan Tradition in the Javanese Ethnic of Paya Lombang Tebing Tinggi
type: item
description: This study entitled “Living Theology in the Punggahan Tradition among the Javanese Ethnic Community in Paya Lombang, Tebing Tinggi” aims to analyze the Punggahan tradition as both a socio-cultural-religious phenomenon and a manifestation of living theology. This research employs a qualitative approach with a phenomenological method through observation, interviews, and documentation involving religious leaders, community figures, and members of the Javanese ethnic group. The findings indicate that the Punggahan tradition serves not only as a ritual for welcoming Ramadan but also as a space for integrating social, cultural, and religious values in everyday life. From a socio-cultural-religious perspective, this tradition plays an important role in strengthening social solidarity, togetherness, and harmonious relationships within the community through activities such as communal prayers, grave visits, shared meals, flower bathing rituals, and mutual forgiveness. From the perspective of living theology, the Punggahan tradition demonstrates how Islamic theological values such as gratitude, monotheism (tawhid), Islamic brotherhood (ukhuwah Islamiyah), self-purification, charity, and prayer are lived and practiced in a concrete and contextual way. These values are not only understood conceptually but are embodied in daily communal practices passed down from generation to generation. Thus, it can be concluded that the Punggahan tradition represents a form of harmony between religion and culture, serving not only a social function but also standing as a real manifestation of living theology in the life of the Javanese community.
creator: Dini Apriasti
creator: Nunu Burhanuddin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dini Apriasti, Nunu Burhanuddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-21
publication date: 2026-04-21
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1321
ending page: 1334
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3439

Regulation of Polygamy in the Conflict of Norms between State Law and Islamic Law in Indonesia
type: item
description: The clash between state law and Islamic law in regulating polygamy in Indonesia reflects a dual approach to viewing this practice. In the state legal system, the practice of polygamy is restricted by strict administrative requirements, such as the obligation to obtain a court permit and the consent of the first wife as essential conditions. Under Islamic law, polygamy is permitted provided the primary condition of the ability to act fairly is met, without the necessity of following formal state regulatory procedures. This study employs a qualitative approach through a literature review, examining various legal regulations and Islamic literature to identify forms of normative conflict and their implications for the practice of polygamy. The research findings clearly indicate that the practice of polygamy without official permission from the court and without following the applicable regulatory procedures in Indonesia is still widespread and has the potential to cause legal conflicts, as well as infringe upon the rights of women and children. Therefore, efforts are needed to harmonize the law in order to prevent illegal practices and ensure the protection of the rights of all parties in a fair and just manner.
creator: M. Fahmi Habibi
creator: Wakid Evendi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 M. Fahmi Habibi, Wakid Evendi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-21
publication date: 2026-04-21
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1335
ending page: 1343
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3443

Women's Rights from an Islamic and Western Perspective: "Relevance in the Modern Era"
type: item
description: The role of women in society has undergone significant changes in the era of globalization. This article examines women's rights from Islamic and Western perspectives, highlighting the importance of freedom of speech, economic rights, and access to education as fundamental to achieving gender equality. Women's active participation in politics and the economy allows them to voice important issues and contribute to broader social change. The Islamic perspective emphasizes the obligation to seek knowledge for all individuals, regardless of gender, while the Western approach focuses on individual freedom and non-discrimination. Understanding these two perspectives helps us understand the relevance and challenges women face in fighting for their rights in the modern world. This research aims to provide a deeper understanding of women's position and encourage further discussion on gender equality across various fields.
creator: Aisyah Nur Rahmah
creator: Fatimah
creator: Mufidah Nur Karimah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Aisyah Nur Rahmah, Fatimah, Mufidah Nur Karimah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-22
publication date: 2026-04-22
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1344
ending page: 1362
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2070

Al-‘Amm Al-Khash: A Study of General and Specific Verses
type: item
description: The use of ‘Amm (general) and ‘Khas (specific) expressions in the texts of the Qur'an and Hadith, as well as the importance of interpretative principles in understanding Islamic law. The Qur'an was revealed as a guide for life, encouraging Muslims to use their intellect. However, the diversity of language styles and the Arabic language's nature as the language of revelation requires scholarly tools, including interpretative principles, to avoid errors in interpretation. The research methodology uses a qualitative approach based on library research, involving primary and secondary sources to analyze the differences in meaning between general expressions (‘Amm), which encompass multiple meanings without limitation, and specific expressions (‘Khas), which have particular meanings. The study results indicate that ‘Amm expressions can remain general, convey specific meanings, or undergo takhsis (restriction), while ‘Khas expressions are limited to a particular entity or attribute. This study provides in-depth insights into the significant influence of ‘Amm and ‘Khas expressions on understanding Sharia texts and establishing Islamic law.
creator: Channah Qotrunnada
creator: Siti Sanah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Channah Qotrunnada, Siti Sanah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-22
publication date: 2026-04-22
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1363
ending page: 1373
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2068

Moral Transformation in the Process of the First and Final Revelations in the Qur'an
type: item
description: The decline of morality in modern life shows the need for a reassessment of the noble values contained in the Qur'an, especially in the first and last revelations that brought great changes to the Jahili Arab society. This research aims to analyze the moral values contained in the process of the first and last revelation in the Qur'an. This research uses a qualitative method with a library research approach with the main sources being books, journals, and tafsir books. The results showed that the first revelation initiated moral change by emphasizing the importance of learning and spirituality, while the last revelation perfected the principles of justice and balance in social and legal systems. In conclusion, the moral values of these two revelations remain relevant as guidelines to face moral challenges in the modern era.
creator: Dinda Ramdani
creator: Siti Sanah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dinda Ramdani, Siti Sanah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-22
publication date: 2026-04-22
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1374
ending page: 1383
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2067

Maqashid Sharia Framework for Product Innovation in BMT As'adiyah Sharia Cooperative in the Digital Era
type: item
description: This study examines the application of maqashid syariah as a framework for product innovation at BMT As’adiyah, an Islamic cooperative, in the digital era. The five core principles of maqashid syariah hifdz ad-din (religion), hifdz an-nafs (life), hifdz al-aql (intellect), hifdz an-nasl (lineage), and hifdz al-mal (wealth) serve as the foundation for developing financial products aligned with Islamic values. Using a qualitative approach and a descriptive case study method, data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis, then processed using thematic analysis and triangulation techniques. The findings show that digitalization has improved operational efficiency, expanded access to Islamic financial services, and strengthened the protection of maqashid principles. Innovations such as Islamic education savings and digital ZIS (zakat, infaq, and sadaqah) platforms illustrate strategic developments. The study concludes that integrating maqashid syariah with digital technology can enhance the relevance, competitiveness, and social impact of Islamic cooperatives.
creator: Ahmad Rijal Amiruddin
creator: Samsuddin
creator: Achmad Syawal Nurhidayatullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Rijal Amiruddin, Samsuddin, Achmad Syawal Nurhidayatullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-23
publication date: 2026-04-23
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1384
ending page: 1397
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2207

Analysis of Ustaz Hanan Attaki's Sermon on Flexing the Morals of the Young Generation
type: item
description: The phenomenon of flexing in the digital era is a behavior that demonstrates a wealth of achievements or lifestyle to gain social recognition, especially among the younger generation. This phenomenon not only impacts social and psychological aspects but is also related to moral and spiritual issues. This study aims to analyze Ustaz Hanan Attaki's lectures on flexing and their relevance to Islamic religious education. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research type sourced from books, journals and Ustaz Hanan Attaki's lecture content on YouTube. The results show that flexing behavior can encourage hedonistic consumerism as well as riya’ (riya’), arrogance and tadzib (conceitedness), which are contrary to Islamic values. Ustaz Hanan Attaki's lectures are delivered with a communicative and persuasive approach so as to foster moral awareness of the younger generation in facing the culture of showing off on social media.
creator: Faiqul Umam
creator: Mohammad Hasan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Faiqul Umam, Mohammad Hasan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-23
publication date: 2026-04-23
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1398
ending page: 1404
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3438

Emulating the Morals of the Prophet Muhammad in the TikTok Era: The Eradicate Sense of Shame and Modesty of Muslim Youth Based on QS. Al-Ahzab verse 21
type: item
description: Technological advancements and the increasing use of social media, particularly TikTok, have had a significant impact on the behavior of Muslim adolescents in Indonesia. While these platforms open up opportunities for creativity, they also have the potential to erode norms of modesty and weaken the sense of shame as an Islamic moral value. This study aims to analyze the interpretation of Quranic Surah Al-Ahzab verse 21 from a contemporary exegetical perspective and its relevance to the moral condition of adolescents in the digital age. The research employs a qualitative approach through a literature review using content analysis techniques on contemporary exegeses and literature related to digital culture. The results of the study confirm that Surah Al-Ahzab verse 21 not only positions the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) as an ideal normative role model but also as a concrete example in upholding morality, propriety, and a sense of shame amidst modern life. The Prophet’s exemplary qualities reflected in his traits of truthfulness (shiddiq), trustworthiness (amanah), conveying the message (tabligh), and wisdom (fatonah) remain relevant as ethical guidelines for social media use. This study also indicates that the weakening of modesty and decorum among Muslim adolescents in the digital age reflects a lack of application of the moral values embodied by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Therefore, these values must be practically applied in daily behavior, particularly in social media use. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that the application of the Prophet Muhammad’s (peace be upon him) moral values plays a crucial role in shaping the character of Muslim adolescents to be civilized, wiser, and critical of digital culture.
creator: Ach. Zayyadi
creator: Fawa Idatur Rizqo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ach. Zayyadi, Fawa Idatur Rizqo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-10
publication date: 2026-05-10
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1405
ending page: 1415
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3442

Consumer Tax in Islam and According to Maqashid Syariah
type: item
description: A country is prohibited from collecting its citizens' assets without a legal basis. Taxes are one of the country's primary products and an essential part of financial policy. Scholars argue, based on ijtihad, that taxes (dharbah) are permissible and arise for reasons that are different from zakat, which is an obligation on the wealth of Muslims. The other side says that no (harmful) tax is permissible or impermissible according to Sharia. Many scholars argue that taxes are prohibited, while others argue that they are permissible. Therefore, we can view tax law, especially in Indonesia, as being based on the maqashid of Sharia. If analyzed from the perspective of two levels of maqashid of Sharia according to As-Syatibi: Al-Daruriyah & Al-Hajjiyyah. Therefore, it can be concluded that consumer tax law is permissible for the benefit and must be obeyed by those who are obliged to pay consumer taxes to avoid undesirable dharuroh.
creator: Imam Kamaludin
creator: Dwi Hanif Febriansyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Imam Kamaludin, Dwi Hanif Febriansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-23
publication date: 2026-04-23
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1416
ending page: 1425
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2142

Enhancing Fiqh Education through a Digitally Designed Linktree Portal: Focus on Acehnese Student Engagement
type: item
description: This study examines in depth the development and feasibility of a Linktree portal-based Fiqh learning media for students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) in Aceh, with a specific case study at MTsN 1 Langsa. The background of this research is rooted in significant pedagogical challenges in Fiqh learning, where conventional methods dominated by one-way lectures often fail to stimulate the motivation and engagement of students who are digital natives. This study uses a Research and Development (R&D) approach with a 4-D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). The main contribution of this research lies in the theoretical integration between the Technology Acceptance Model in Islamic Education (TAMISE) and Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) in designing micro-learning media. The validation results show that the developed Linktree portal has very high validity (Media Expert: 94%; Material Expert: 92%) and is categorized as very feasible. Field findings indicate that the microsite information architecture on Linktree effectively reduces extraneous cognitive load through segmentation principles, while rigorous content curation ensures compatibility with Islamic values, thereby increasing technology acceptance among madrasah teachers and students. This study offers a practical and scalable solution to address the digital divide in Islamic educational institutions by leveraging efficient and user-friendly aggregator technology.
creator: M. Ardiansyah
creator: Nina Afrida
creator: Hatta Sabri
creator: Mahyiddin Mahyiddin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 M. Ardiansyah, Nina Afrida, Hatta Sabri, Mahyiddin Mahyiddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-23
publication date: 2026-04-23
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1426
ending page: 1439
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3248

The Concept of Education in Ibn Khaldun's Thought and Its Implications for Today's Islamic Education
type: item
description: Education plays a strategic role in shaping human beings and civilization. Ibn Khaldun, through his monumental work Al-Muqaddimah, offers an educational concept that is holistic, humanistic, and contextual. This article aims to examine Ibn Khaldun’s educational thought and analyze its implications for contemporary Islamic education. This study employs a qualitative approach using library research, involving the examination of primary and secondary sources relevant to Ibn Khaldun’s educational ideas. The findings indicate that, according to Ibn Khaldun, the purpose of education is not merely oriented toward the acquisition of knowledge, but also toward the formation of moral character, the development of intellectual potential, social preparedness, and the sustainability of civilization. Principles such as gradual learning, the rejection of violence in education, and the emphasis on dialogical relationships between teachers and learners constitute the core characteristics of his educational concept. The implications of Ibn Khaldun’s thought for contemporary Islamic education are reflected in the importance of developing learner-centered curricula, adopting humanistic pedagogical approaches, and strengthening the role of teachers as intellectual and moral guides. Therefore, Ibn Khaldun’s educational thought remains relevant as a conceptual foundation for the renewal and strengthening of Islamic education in the modern era.
creator: Azlan Ihza Agustian
creator: Andi Prastowo
creator: Saripudin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Azlan Ihza Agustian, Andi Prastowo, Saripudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-24
publication date: 2026-04-24
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1440
ending page: 1451
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3230

Implementation of Qur’anic Learning through the Ilman wa Ruuhan Method at SMAIT Darul Ilmi Bandar Lampung
type: item
description: Qur’anic learning is a pedagogical process aimed at developing students’ knowledge, skills, and attitudes through activities of reading and memorizing the verses of the Qur’an in a tartil manner properly and accurately in accordance with the rules of tajwid. One approach used in this process is the Ilman wa Ruuhan Method, which integrates scientific (cognitive) and spiritual (affective) dimensions. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Ilman wa Ruuhan Method at SMAIT Darul Ilmi Bandar Lampung. The research adopts a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, while data analysis employed an interactive model consisting of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The findings indicate that Qur’anic learning through the Ilman wa Ruuhan Method is not only oriented toward improving students’ technical abilities in reading and memorizing the Qur’an, but also toward spiritual development that emphasizes the internalization of Qur’anic values in students’ daily lives. Therefore, this method is considered relevant for implementation in educational institutions because it integrates cognitive and affective aspects in a balanced manner. The findings contribute conceptually to the development of Qur’anic learning models oriented not only toward technical mastery but also toward the formation of students’ character and spirituality, and are expected to serve as a reference for similar institutions and further research.
creator: Angga Pratama
creator: Septuri Septuri
creator: Meriyati Meriyati
creator: Ulfi Samaratul Jinan
creator: Praniadi Praniadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Angga Pratama, Septuri Septuri, Meriyati Meriyati, Ulfi Samaratul Jinan, Praniadi Praniadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-26
publication date: 2026-04-26
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1452
ending page: 1466
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3332

KHI's Perspective on the Legality of Adoption by Single Parents
type: item
description: This study examines the legal status of single parents in adopting children within the framework of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) in Indonesia. The research aims to analyze whether the adoption carried out by a single parent is legally permissible according to Islamic family law and how KHI accommodates such practices in the context of child protection. Using a normative juridical method through statutory, conceptual, and case approach, this study reviews Islamic legal principles on kafalah, lineage, guardianship, and the obligation to prioritize the best interests of the child. Data were obtained through literature review of Islamic jurisprudence, national regulations on child protection, and relevant decisions of the Religious Courts. The findings indicate that Islamic law does not prohibit single-parent adoption as long as the child’s lineage remains unchanged and the welfare of the child is ensured. KHI provides general guidelines on adoption but does noSt explicitly restrict adoption based on marital status, thereby allowing judges to use judicial reasoning grounded in maslahah to assess the eligibility of single parents. The study concludes that the absence of detailed technical rules in KHI contributes to variations in judicial interpretation, emphasizing the need for clearer legal guidelines to ensure consistency, legal certainty, and stronger child protection in adoption practices involving single parents.
creator: Farhah Intan Sari Haras
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Farhah Intan Sari Haras https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-26
publication date: 2026-04-26
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1467
ending page: 1477
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3066

Tradition-Based Islamic Renewal: An Analysis of Nahdlatul Ulama's Thought in the Context of Religious Moderation
type: item
description: This study was motivated by the need to strengthen religious moderation amid the challenges of globalization, intolerance, and radicalism that threaten national harmony. Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), as the largest Islamic organization in Indonesia, has a unique tradition and contributes to strengthening national values. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the three main traditions of NU, namely religious practices (tahlilan, maulid, istighotsah), Islamic boarding schools and Bahtsul Masail, as well as the discourse of Islam Nusantara, play a role in building Islamic moderation in Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative-descriptive with a literature study approach that examines scientific literature, including journal articles, books, and relevant official documents. The results of the study show that NU practices serve to maintain social harmony, Islamic boarding schools and Bahtsul Masail develop adaptive scientific traditions, and Islam Nusantara provides a contextual framework of thought. In conclusion, NU traditions are not only historical legacies, but also actual instruments in maintaining national unity and responding to contemporary religious issues.
creator: Nurul Fajriyah
creator: Kholilur Rahman
creator: Zainuddin Syarif
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Fajriyah, Kholilur Rahman, Zainuddin Syarif https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-26
publication date: 2026-04-26
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1478
ending page: 1499
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3067

Factors Influencing Investment Interest in Sharia Mutual Funds through the Bibit Application
type: item
description: Economic growth can be stimulated through increased public investment activities. The development of financial technology, such as the Bibit application, has facilitated access to investment, particularly in Islamic mutual funds. This study aims to analyze the influence of financial literacy, return perception, and risk perception on the investment interest of the Jabodetabek community through the Bibit application. This research employs a quantitative approach using primary data collected from 100 respondents through an online questionnaire with a non-probability sampling technique (snowball sampling). Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS, including classical assumption tests and hypothesis testing. The results indicate that financial literacy and return perception have a positive and significant effect on investment interest, while risk perception has a negative and insignificant effect. These findings suggest that improving financial knowledge and return expectations are key factors in enhancing public interest in investing in Islamic mutual funds through digital platforms.
creator: Suryadi Alamsyah
creator: Riskayanto
creator: Siti Aisyah
creator: Fikri Zaeni Hasbalah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Suryadi Alamsyah, Riskayanto, Siti Aisyah, Fikri Zaeni Hasbalah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-26
publication date: 2026-04-26
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1500
ending page: 1513
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3379

The Relationship Between Islah Al-Afrad and Social Welfare: Concepts and Relevance in the Contemporary Era
type: item
description: This paper aims to examine the relationship between the concept of Islah al-Afrad (individual reform) and social welfare from an Islamic perspective, as well as to explore its relevance in the contemporary era. This study is motivated by various modern social problems that indicate that structural development alone has not been fully capable of realizing societal well-being without being accompanied by individual moral and spiritual transformation. Therefore, Islah al-Afrad is viewed as a crucial foundation for building a harmonious and just social order. This research employs a qualitative approach based on a literature review, utilizing descriptive-analytical analysis of normative Islamic sources, such as the Qur’an and hadith, as well as relevant contemporary literature. The findings indicate that Islah al-Afrad is closely linked to the creation of social welfare, as individuals of good character and integrity will contribute to the formation of a just, caring, and civilized society. This concept emphasizes that sustainable social change must begin with the internal transformation of the individual, which then impacts the improvement of broader social structures. In the contemporary context, Islah al-Afrad is relevant as an alternative approach to addressing various social challenges, such as moral crises, social inequality, and the disintegration of values. This study contributes to reinforcing the perspective that social welfare in Islam is not merely material in nature, but also encompasses spiritual and moral dimensions as an integral whole.
creator: Thoyyibatus Sa’idah
creator: Ahmad Syukron
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Thoyyibatus Sa’idah, Ahmad Syukron https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-26
publication date: 2026-04-26
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1514
ending page: 1528
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3425

Reconstruction of Islamic Education Curriculum Based on Tawhid: Epistemological Analysis of Al-Ghazali's Thought
type: item
description: Contemporary Islamic education faces an epistemological crisis characterized by a dichotomy between religious and general knowledge, as well as the dominance of a secular paradigm that separates the values of monotheism from the learning process. This crisis is rooted in the weak philosophical foundation of the curriculum, which is no longer based on a holistic Islamic worldview. This study aims to analyze the epistemological concept of the monotheism-based Islamic education curriculum in the thoughts of Imam Al-Ghazali, examine the relationship between reason, revelation, and intuition (kashf) in curriculum reconstruction, and identify the contribution of Al-Ghazali's thought in building a holistic and integrative curriculum paradigm in the modern era. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a library research type. Data collection techniques are carried out through documentation of Al-Ghazali's primary works, especially Ihya' Ulumuddin, Mi'yar al-'Ilm, Tahafut al-Falasifah, and Al-Munqidz min al-Dhalal, as well as secondary data in the form of journal articles and relevant books. The data analysis technique uses content analysis with a critical discourse analysis model to uncover the epistemological structure of Al-Ghazali's thought. Based on the description above, this study produces four conclusions. First, the epistemological concept of the Islamic education curriculum based on tawhid in Al-Ghazali's thought is built on the foundation of tawhid as the highest integrating principle that unites all domains of knowledge. Al-Ghazali rejects the separation of religious knowledge and general knowledge, classifying knowledge into fardhu 'ain and fardhu kifayah as a functional differentiation, not a dichotomy. This tawhid epistemology requires the integration of transcendental, cognitive, and moral goals. Second, the triadic relationship between reason, revelation, and spiritual intuition (kashf) is the main pillar of curriculum reconstruction. The thre…
creator: Achmad Muzammil Alfan Nasrullah
creator: Siswanto Siswanto
creator: Atiqullah Atiqullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Achmad Muzammil Alfan Nasrullah, Siswanto Siswanto, Atiqullah Atiqullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-26
publication date: 2026-04-26
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1529
ending page: 1550
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3436

The Influence of Hypercontent-Based Joyful Learning Strategy on Student Learning Effectiveness in Islamic Religious Education Subjects
type: item
description: This study aims to examine the effect of the Hypercontent-based Joyful Learning strategy on students’ learning effectiveness in Islamic Religious Education (IRE) at SMA Negeri 1 Garut. This research employed a descriptive quantitative approach with simple linear regression analysis. The research population consisted of all eleventh-grade students totaling 350 students, with a sample of 75 students determined using the Slovin formula and stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Instrument validity was tested using Pearson Product Moment correlation, while reliability was tested using Cronbach’s Alpha with a value of 0.730, indicating that the instrument was reliable. Data processing and analysis were conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The results showed that the Hypercontent-based Joyful Learning strategy had a significant effect on students’ learning effectiveness, with a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). The coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.535 indicates that the Hypercontent-based Joyful Learning strategy contributed 53.5% to students’ learning effectiveness, while the remaining 46.5% was influenced by other factors outside this study. The contribution of this study lies in presenting empirical evidence regarding the implementation of the Hypercontent-based Joyful Learning strategy in Islamic Religious Education at the secondary school level, which has been rarely examined in previous studies. Furthermore, this study provides empirical evidence on the integration of innovative digital technology–based learning strategies in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) to enhance students’ learning effectiveness at the secondary school level. The findings also strengthen the development of innovative learning strategies that integrate digital technology with the characteristics and objectives of Islamic Religious Education to imp…
creator: Hani Nurulhanifah
creator: Yufi Mohammad Nasrullah
creator: Anton Anton
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hani Nurulhanifah, Yufi Mohammad Nasrullah, Anton Anton https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-28
publication date: 2026-04-28
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1551
ending page: 1564
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3331

Positive Law Islamic Criminal Law in the Implemantation of Execution of Confiscated Item from Corruption Criminal Acts
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the concept of legal protection in the storage of confiscated goods or evidence based on Government Regulation Number 27 of 1981 and to examine its conformity with Islamic law as well as its implementation in practice. The research employs a qualitative field research method, in which data are collected directly from relevant institutions such as the police, prosecutor’s office, courts, and the State Confiscated Goods Storage House (Rupbasan). The results indicate a discrepancy between Article 44 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), which mandates that confiscated goods be stored in Rupbasan, and the actual practice where such items are often stored in other institutions. In addition, there is a difference in interpretation with Article 1 point 16 of KUHAP. From the perspective of Islamic law, confiscated goods can be analogized as collateral, while corruption is categorized as jarimah ta’zir, where the determination of punishment is left to the authority of ulil amri or judges. Therefore, harmonization between regulations, practical implementation, and Islamic legal values is necessary to ensure legal certainty and justice.
creator: Farihin Tsani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Farihin Tsani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-28
publication date: 2026-04-28
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1565
ending page: 1579
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3416

Maqashid Syari'ah in Sharia Economic Law: The Loss of Down Payment According to the Maqashid Syari'ah Review
type: item
description: This study discusses the Background of the Problem In fulfilling their needs, humans are governed by laws that have been determined by Allah SWT. Law in Islam is a rule relating to the relationship between individuals and other individuals, as well as individuals and their creator. Therefore, Allah SWT reminds us that in fulfilling their needs, humans do not harm each other, in this case exchanging needs between members of society is a fair way. The rules of Allah that are unified and codified in the fiqh of mu'amalah cover several aspects of economic activities, one of which is buying and selling (al-ba'i). Buying and selling or referred to as Bai' is the exchange of property for property on the basis of mutual consent, or transferring property with a justified exchange. According to Sulaiman al-Asyqar, buying and selling is the exchange of property for property, or benefits for benefits in the form of transferring ownership and ownership. The term down payment is also known as DP (Down of Payment), advance payment, or down payment. In Indonesia this is regulated in Article 1464 of the Civil Code. The payment of a down payment or down payment in a buying and selling transaction is known by fiqh scholars as ba'i 'urbun. Ba'i 'urbun is a down payment paid by the buyer which shows that he is serious about his order. If the buyer then agrees on the ordered goods, a sale and purchase transaction is formed and the down payment is part of the agreed price of the ordered goods (assets). If the buyer later refuses to purchase the order, then the down payment is forfeited and becomes the property of the seller. This study discusses the Background of the Problem In fulfilling their needs, humans are governed by laws that have been determined by Allah SWT. Law in Islam is a rule relating to the relationship between individuals and other individuals, as well as individuals and their creator. Therefore, Allah SWT reminds us that in fulfilling their needs, humans do not harm each…
creator: Imam Kamaluddin
creator: Ilham Aulia Fatani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Imam Kamaluddin, Ilham Aulia Fatani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1580
ending page: 1590
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2100

The Relationship Between Technological Developments and the Mental Health of Strawberry Generation Students
type: item
description: This study is entitled The Relationship between Technological Development and the Mental Health of Strawberry Generation Students. This research is motivated by the rapid development of information and communication technology which has brought significant changes in various aspects of life, including the mental health of Strawberry generation students. This generation is known to be adaptive to technology, but has a tendency to be emotionally sensitive and therefore vulnerable to psychological stress. This study aims to determine the relationship between technological development and the mental health of Strawberry generation students. The research method used is a quantitative method with a correlational approach. Hypothesis testing was carried out using the Pearson Product Moment correlation test. The results showed that the calculated rvalue of 0.733 was greater than the r table of 0.227, which means there is a significant and positive relationship between technological development and the mental health of Strawberry generation students. The contribution of this research is expected to be an academic reference in the development of educational policies and psychological support services for students, especially in utilizing technology wisely to support the mental health of the younger generation.
creator: Javica Julianti
creator: Suryati
creator: Emi Puspita Dewi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Javica Julianti, Suryati, Emi Puspita Dewi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1591
ending page: 1600
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2140

The Influence of Halal Lifestyle, Halal Awareness, and Halal Branding on Cosmetic Product Purchase Decisions (A Study on FEBI Students at IAIN Parepare)
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the influence of Halal Lifestyle, Halal Awareness, and Halal Branding on cosmetic product purchasing decisions among university students in Parepare City. Using a quantitative method with an associative approach, this study explores how these three factors influence the purchasing decision-making process. Data were collected from 96 university students and analyzed using SPSS software, with validity, reliability, and classical assumption tests to ensure the integrity of the results. The research findings indicate that these three factors have a positive and significant influence on university students' purchasing decisions. Halal Lifestyle, which reflects a lifestyle in accordance with Islamic principles, directly influences the preference for Halal-certified cosmetic products. Halal Awareness, which reflects consumers' knowledge and awareness of a product's Halal status, also significantly influences purchasing decisions. Furthermore, Halal Branding, which focuses on promoting Halal attributes in products, strengthens consumer trust and loyalty. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating Halal values into marketing strategies for companies targeting Muslim consumers, particularly in the growing cosmetics industry.
creator: Muhammad Farsyal Yuzagautama
creator: Syahriyah Semaun
creator: Islamul Haq
creator: St. Aminah
creator: Damirah Damirah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Farsyal Yuzagautama, Syahriyah Semaun, Islamul Haq, St. Aminah, Damirah Damirah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1601
ending page: 1614
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3156

An Analysis of the Urgency of Halal Certification for Chicken Meat Sellers at Lakessi Market
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the practice of selling broiler chicken at Lakessi Market in Parepare City, map the halal product assurance system at the trader level and consumer perceptions, and assess the urgency of halal certification. This study used a qualitative method with a descriptive case study approach. Primary data were collected through observations and interviews with 20 informants consisting of 8 broiler chicken sellers, 10 consumers, and 2 government agency representatives, with data analysis conducted inductively. The results show that sales practices generally follow two patterns: supply from slaughterhouses considered trustworthy or independent slaughtering with efforts to follow Islamic slaughter procedures, basic hygiene aspects (cleanliness of equipment, covering meat with plastic, use of ice) are also considered. However, halal assurance in the field is still predominantly based on trust and visual verification by consumers, so that halal assurance cannot be fully assured without certification. The urgency of halal certification is highly assessed to strengthen regulatory certainty, consumer protection, and market confidence, but compliance is hampered by limited understanding of procedures and concerns about costs, so government assistance is a key need.
creator: A. Haerunnisah Azizah
creator: Islamul Haq
creator: Damirah Damirah
creator: Syahriyah Semaun
creator: Andi Bahri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 A. Haerunnisah Azizah, Islamul Haq, Damirah Damirah, Syahriyah Semaun, Andi Bahri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1615
ending page: 1626
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3166

Inclusive Theology and Religious Pluralism: A Critical Analysis of Major Thinkers
type: item
description: Debates on the theology of religions, particularly between inclusive theology and religious pluralism, have become a significant issue in the context of Indonesia’s plural society. This article aims to critically analyze the concepts of inclusive theology and religious pluralism and examine their relevance for fostering interreligious relations in Indonesia. Employing a qualitative approach based on library research, this study explores the ideas of key figures such as Nurcholish Madjid and John Hick, as well as Indonesian Muslim responses to religious pluralism. The findings indicate that inclusive theology offers a middle ground that enables Muslims to maintain strong theological commitments while remaining open to dialogue and cooperation with followers of other religions. In contrast, religious pluralism understood in a theological sense namely, the notion that all religions are equally true and lead to the same salvation has been subject to serious methodological and theological criticism, as it is considered incompatible with the principle of tawhid in Islam. In the Indonesian context, this debate is further complicated by the Indonesian Council of Ulama’s (MUI) fatwa on religious pluralism and the emergence of religious moderation as a paradigm emphasizing the principle of wasathiyyah (the middle path). This article concludes that an Islamic wasathiyyah approach, which distinguishes between plurality as a sociological fact and pluralism as a theological ideology, provides the most contextual framework for managing religious diversity in a dialogical, just, and peaceful manner without undermining Islamic theological integrity.
creator: Hasfiana Hasfiana
creator: Muh. Natsir Siola
creator: Abdullah Abdullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hasfiana Hasfiana, Muh. Natsir Siola, Abdullah Abdullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1627
ending page: 1640
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3172

Analysis of Thought and Nusantara Islamic Movement
type: item
description: This study aims to describe the analysis of the thought and movement of Islam Nusantara within the socio-cultural context of Indonesia. Islam Nusantara, as a distinctive pattern of Islamic expression that has developed through the process of acculturation between Islamic teachings and local traditions, offers a model of religious practice that is moderate, tolerant, and contextual. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method based on library research through the examination of books, journal articles, and relevant previous studies. The findings indicate that the intellectual foundation of Islam Nusantara is rooted in cultural approaches, the practice of madhhab, moderation (wasathiyah), tolerance, and contextualization of Islamic teachings. In terms of movement, Islam Nusantara is manifested through socio-cultural activities, educational transformation through the role of pesantren, and national political movements that position nationalism as an inseparable part of faith. Islam Nusantara faces challenges from the rise of transnational ideologies, radicalism, and polarization within Islamic discourse. This study provides theoretical and practical contributions to the strengthening of literature on moderate Islam and serves as a reference for developing peaceful and harmonious religious life in Indonesia.
creator: Moh Fayyad As
creator: Zainuddin Syarif
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Moh Fayyad As, Zainuddin Syarif https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1641
ending page: 1653
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3177

Implementative Strategy for Developing Moral and Social Responsibility Awareness of Muslim Scientists from the Perspective of Philosophy of Science
type: item
description: Muslim scholars play a central role in the development of knowledge that is beneficial and aligned with Islamic ethics, which emphasize moral and social responsibility in every scientific endeavor. However, awareness of these responsibilities still requires reinforcement so that scientific activities are not merely oriented toward academic achievement but also generate tangible social benefits. This study aims to identify implementable strategies for fostering moral and social responsibility among Muslim scholars from the perspective of the philosophy of science. The research employs a literature-based qualitative approach using critical descriptive analysis of key concepts in Islamic philosophy of science, scholarly ethics, character education, Islamic utilitarianism (maslahah), empathy, and Islamic hermeneutics. The main contribution of this study lies in the formulation of an integrative conceptual framework that connects Islamic philosophy of science with practical strategies for cultivating ethically responsible and socially committed Muslim scholars. The findings indicate that the integration of Islamic values, the strengthening of character education, and the development of empathy play a significant role in shaping scholars’ moral awareness and social responsibility. The implications of this study provide a conceptual and practical reference for Islamic educational institutions and scientific communities in developing an Islamic scientific culture oriented toward knowledge as an act of worship and as a means to enhance social welfare.
creator: Riyan Nuryadin
creator: Mohammad Sabarudin
creator: Erni Haryanti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Riyan Nuryadin, Mohammad Sabarudin, Erni Haryanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1654
ending page: 1664
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2128

Implementation of the Project Based Learning (Pjbl) Model in Improving Science Learning Outcomes for Grade IV Elementary School Students
type: item
description: This research aims to improve student learning outcomes in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subjects through the application of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model. This research is a Class Action Research (PTK) which is carried out in two cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, implementation of actions, observation, and reflection. The subject of the study is grade IV students of SD Negeri 029/VII Lubuk Sayak (adjust the number of students). Data collection techniques use learning outcome tests, observation sheets of teacher and student activities, and documentation. Data were analyzed descriptively, quantitatively, and qualitatively. The results of the study show that the application of the Project Based Learning model can improve student learning outcomes. In cycle I the percentage of student learning completeness reached (data content), then increased in cycle II to (data content). In addition, student learning activities have also increased because students are more active in group discussions, project completion, and presentation of work results. Thus, the Project Based Learning model has proven to be effective in improving the learning outcomes of social studies for grade IV elementary school students.
creator: Yori Marwinda
creator: Imran
creator: Zainal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Yori Marwinda, Imran, Zainal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1665
ending page: 1676
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3398

Transformational Leadership of Kiai: Efforts to Strengthen Teacher Performance at the Hidayatul Mubtadiien Islamic Boarding School in South Lampung
type: item
description: The quality of education in Indonesia faces serious challenges related to low teacher competency, and teacher performance in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) is inextricably linked to the way leadership authority shapes commitment, discipline, and organizational rhythm. This article aims to explore the articulation of the kiai's transformational leadership in improving the performance of educators at the Hidayatul Mubtadiien Islamic Boarding School in South Lampung. Using a qualitative single-case study method, data were collected in depth to examine the dynamics of leadership in the field. The results show that the dimensions of ideal influence, inspirational motivation, and individual attention are operationalized through the integration of strong religiosity values ​​as a form of spiritual "energy transfer." The novelty of this study lies in the mechanism of transforming kiai authority into a collective work tool that fosters discipline and innovation without eroding the tradition of the salaf. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of synergy between spiritual leadership and modern management to address quality incompatibilities in traditional educational institutions. This study provides a theoretical contribution to the development of an Islamic educational leadership model that is adaptive to global dynamics.
creator: Muhammad Abdul Aziz
creator: Rahmat
creator: Fathi Hisyam Panagara
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Abdul Aziz, Rahmat, Fathi Hisyam Panagara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1677
ending page: 1685
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3372

Tracing the Dinamics of Trade balance in D-8: The Role of Exchange rate and FDI
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and exchange rates on the trade balance in the D-8 member countries (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Turkey) during the period 2000 to 2023. The method used is panel data regression with the Fixed Effect Model (FEM), Random Effect Model (REM), and Common Effect Model (CEM) approaches. The selection of the best model is done through the Chow, Hausman, and Lagrange Multiplier (LM) tests. The results show that the exchange rate has a significant effect on the trade balance in all models, indicating that exchange rate fluctuations are an important factor in determining the external trade balance. In contrast, FDI does not show a significant effect, so it has not made a real contribution to improving the trade balance of D-8 countries. Based on the results of the model selection test, the Random Effect model is declared the most appropriate for use in this study. However, all models show positive autocorrelation problems in the residuals, indicating the need for further approaches such as robust estimation to improve the reliability of the results. For the long-term effect, only the Exchange Rate has a significant effect on the Trade Balance, while all variables have no short-term effect. These findings provide policy implications that exchange rate stability and FDI direction are key to strengthening the trade balance of D-8 countries amidst global economic dynamics.
creator: Suci Wulan Sari
creator: Miftahus Surur
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Suci Wulan Sari, Miftahus Surur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1686
ending page: 1700
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3353

The Influence of the STEM Approach on Elementary School Students' Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)
type: item
description: This study aims to examine and analyze the effectiveness of the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) approach on improving students' Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in IPAS subjects. The method used was a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group design involving 32 fifth-grade students at MIS Kurnia Kota Jambi, who were divided into experimental and control groups. Data were collected through HOTS test instruments and analyzed using the Independent Sample T-Test. The results showed that there was a significant difference in students' higher-order thinking skills, with the experimental class obtaining a post-test average score of 73.31, which was much higher than the control class, which only achieved 50.44. In conclusion, the integration of systematic STEM steps (observation, new ideas, innovation, creation, and social values) effectively transformed students' cognition from a low level to a level of analysis, evaluation, and creation. This approach has been proven to be able to bridge the understanding of abstract scientific theory into concrete solutions, making it highly relevant for developing the adaptive competencies of elementary school students in the modern era.
creator: Karin Riska Puspitasari
creator: Tabroni Tabroni
creator: Fia Alifah Putri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Karin Riska Puspitasari, Tabroni Tabroni, Fia Alifah Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1701
ending page: 1713
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3297

Teacher Stress and Burnout in Islamic Elementary Schools: The Role of Human Resource Interventions
type: item
description: The teaching profession can be a profession that has a high potential for stress and fatigue, especially teachers in early childhood, both in elementary schools and kindergartens. With the burden on teachers as teachers already quite heavy, then there are also certain policies that make the pressure even worse. So the potential for stress is even higher. Not to mention the main economic factor for honorary teachers which is still considered very low, even far from the minimum wage. There needs to be a suitable solution for this. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis methods. The object of this research is the class teacher at Takhassus Al Qur'an Elementary School Al Hikmah Islamic Boarding School. Data collection was carried out by interviews, observation and documentation. This research shows that work stress can be minimized with human resource intervention.
creator: Ikhfanudin Ikhfanudin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ikhfanudin Ikhfanudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1714
ending page: 1725
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3415

Strategies for Delivering Islamic Da'wah Through Islamic Music in the Digital Era to Increase the Religious Motivation of Islamic Students
type: item
description: This research is motivated by the need for more creative and relevant da’wah methods in accordance with contemporary developments, particularly for the younger generation in Islamic boarding schools. This study aims to analyze the da’wah delivery strategies through Islamic musical arts and their role in enhancing students’ religious motivation at Al-Muawanah Islamic Boarding School, Rancabango, Garut. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research subjects included the head of the Islamic boarding school, Islamic music instructors, and students involved in hadrah and marawis activities. Data were analyzed using triangulation techniques to ensure the validity of the findings. The results indicate that the da’wah strategy through Islamic musical arts is implemented by integrating Islamic values into song lyrics, training activities, and performances. Islamic musical arts function as an effective medium of da’wah because they attract students’ interest, touch emotional and spiritual aspects, and strengthen their love for Allah and His Messenger. In addition, the use of digital media supports the expansion of da’wah outreach. The role of Islamic musical arts is proven to enhance students’ religious motivation, as reflected in increased enthusiasm for worship, participation in religious activities, confidence in delivering da’wah, and discipline in practicing Islamic values. Therefore, Islamic musical arts serve as an innovative and relevant da’wah strategy in fostering students’ religious motivation in the Islamic boarding school environment.
creator: Yogi Setiawan
creator: Masripah
creator: Asep Tutun Usman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Yogi Setiawan, Masripah, Asep Tutun Usman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1726
ending page: 1738
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3328

Contextualization of Female Imam Hadith in Indonesia: An Analysis of Sanad and Matan
type: item
description: The hadith prohibiting female imams has always been a topic of discussion among Muslims in Indonesia, as this argument has always been used as an obstacle to empowerment. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the prohibition of female imams from various perspectives and its contextualization for Muslims in Indonesia. The method used is descriptive qualitative, sourced from literature studies with a critical approach to the sanad and matan of the hadith. The results of this study conclude that from the perspective of sanad studies, the hadith regarding the prohibition of female imams is of weak quality and from the perspective of matan, it is also problematic because it contradicts the verses of the Qur'an. The practice of female imams in the contemporary era in Indonesia is permissible if there is a valid religious reason, such as the absence of competent men, or if it is based on a mutual agreement that results in the common good.
creator: Khaerul Umam
creator: Atiyatul Ulya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Khaerul Umam, Atiyatul Ulya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1739
ending page: 1753
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3312

The Relevance of the Concept of Isti'anah from the Perspective of KH. Zaini Mun'im's Interpretation of Bil Imla' in Facing the Temptation of Materialism in the Modern Era
type: item
description: The growing materialism among today's youth often leads to a misunderstanding of success, which is measured only in material terms. This is a challenge in creating a balanced mindset between worldly and ukhrawi life. This study aims to analyze the relevance of the concept of isti'anah according to the interpretation of Bil Imla' by KH Zaini Mun'im in overcoming the temptation of materialism in adolescents. The approach used in this study is a literature review with interpretation analysis and a review of related literature. The results of the study show that the concept of isti'anah teaches Muslims, especially teenagers, to ask for help only from Allah SWT, which can be a solution to avoid the temptation of materialism. This concept also emphasizes the importance of a balance between temporal and spiritual pursuits, by always linking God's help through patience, prayer, and spiritual awareness. In conclusion, the interpretation of Bil Imla' can be an effective guideline to help adolescents form a more balanced mindset, avoid excessive materialism, and increase closeness to Allah in achieving true success.
creator: Luthviyah Romziana
creator: Sulastri Sulastri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Luthviyah Romziana, Sulastri Sulastri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-10
publication date: 2026-05-10
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1754
ending page: 1767
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3450

Islamic Universities Produce Moral and Innovative Leaders
type: item
description: Islamic universities have a strategic role in producing future leaders who are not only intellectually superior but also noble and innovative. This study aims to analyze PTI's efforts in integrating Islamic values and innovation through a literature review approach. The results show that moral education is the foundation for the formation of student character, while innovation is encouraged through the application of digital technology and project- based curriculum. Challenges such as global cultural influence and lack of synergy between theory and practice hinder the optimization of the program. The proposed solutions include strengthening the integration of Islamic values in the curriculum, the use of technology, and a campus environment that supports creativity. With this step, PTI is expected to produce moral and innovative leaders who are able to compete globally.
creator: Auliya Yufina
creator: Zainap Hartati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Auliya Yufina, Zainap Hartati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1768
ending page: 1778
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2088

Formulation of Qur’anic Islamic Parenting Values: Pesantren Education Strategies in the Society 5.0 Era (A Comparative Study of Al-Tabari and Al-Azhar Tafsir)
type: item
description: The rapid pace of social change and technological advancement in the Society 5.0 era requires educational institutions, including Islamic boarding schools (pesantren), to adapt by developing more human-centered and spiritually grounded learning systems. This study aims to formulate Islamic parenting values derived from the Qur’an through a thematic interpretation approach (tafsir maudhū’i), by examining Tafsir Al-Thabari and Tafsir Al-Azhar. Using a qualitative library research method combined with content analysis, this study explores key principles of Islamic parenting such as monotheism (tauhid), parental responsibility, empathy, gradual education, and the balance between rights and duties in child upbringing. The findings indicate that these values are deeply rooted in divine revelation, with Al-Thabari presenting a normative and textual interpretation, while Buya Hamka, through Tafsir Al-Azhar, offers a more reflective and contextual perspective relevant to contemporary life. These values are considered highly applicable to the pesantren education system, especially in responding to the challenges of digitalization and social transformation in the Society 5.0 era. By integrating these Islamic values into curricula and learning methods, pesantren can strengthen their role in nurturing a generation of students who are faithful, morally upright, and adaptive to modern developments. This research contributes to the development of an Islamic education model that remains contextually relevant while firmly rooted in Qur’anic teachings.
creator: M. Syauqii Shalkhi Al Farizi
creator: Andri Nirwana AN
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 M. Syauqii Shalkhi Al Farizi, Andri Nirwana AN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1779
ending page: 1792
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3204

Practicality of Pancasila Education Modules Based on Problem Based Learning (PBL) in Elementary Madrasahs
type: item
description: This study aims to describe the practicality of the Pancasila Education module based on Problem Based Learning (PBL) developed for learning in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. This study uses a research and development method with a descriptive qualitative approach. The development model used adapts the ADDIE stages, which include analysis, design, development, limited implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects involved fourth-grade teachers and fourth-grade students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, teacher and student response questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the PBL-based Pancasila Education module was easy for teachers to use, helped facilitate problem-based learning, and received positive responses from students. Thus, the developed module has a good level of practicality and is suitable for use as teaching material to support Pancasila Education learning in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.
creator: Lia Aziza Rahmah
creator: Saidah Ahmad
creator: Nisa Aulia
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Lia Aziza Rahmah, Saidah Ahmad, Nisa Aulia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1793
ending page: 1804
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3300

The Effectiveness of Comic Media in Improving Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) Learning Outcomes
type: item
description: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using comic media in improving the cognitive learning outcomes of Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) for fifth-grade students at Al-Munawwarah Private Madrasah Ibtidaiyah in Jambi City. This study uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental research type and a nonequivalent control group design. The research subjects consisted of two classes, namely the experimental class, which applied IPAS learning using comic media, and the control class, which used conventional learning media. Data collection was carried out through pre-tests and post-tests, while data analysis used descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, and normalized gain (N-Gain) tests. The results showed that there was a significant difference in IPAS cognitive learning outcomes between the experimental class and the control class. The results of the independent sample t-test analysis showed a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.30 < 0.05 and a t-value of 2.221, indicating a significant effect of the use of comic media on students' IPAS cognitive learning outcomes. The average N-Gain value of the experimental class was 0.60, which is in the moderate category, and the N-Gain effectiveness interpretation category was 60%, which is considered quite effective. Thus, comic media is effective in improving students' cognitive learning outcomes in IPAS, which can be used as an alternative innovative learning media to improve the quality of IPAS learning in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.
creator: Puspita Lia Wijayani
creator: M. Syahran Jailani
creator: Donal Saputra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Puspita Lia Wijayani, M. Syahran Jailani, Donal Saputra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1805
ending page: 1817
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3299

Ex Officio Rights of Judges in Divorce of Inter-Country Couples (Decision No. 725/Pdt.G/2025/PA.Btl)
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the application of ex officio rights of judges in divorce cases between couples of different nationalities as reflected in Decision Number 725/Pdt.G/2025/PA.Btl. The focus of the study is directed at how judges use ex officio authority to protect the rights of wives and children, and uphold the principle of justice in the context of differences in nationality. The method used is normative legal research. The results of the study indicate that judges have ex officio authority to determine iddah maintenance, madhiyah maintenance, mut'ah, and hadhanah rights in accordance with the principles of propriety and legal protection. The application of this authority in Decision Number 725/Pdt.G/2025/PA.Btl is based on justice, appropriateness and propriety after the judge considers the capabilities of the counter-defendant and the basic needs in the area of ​​the counter-plaintiff. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of ex officio rights accommodates the needs of vulnerable groups, especially women and children in divorce based on substantive justice. Decision Number 725/Pdt.G/2025/PA.Btl reflects that this right also applies in international civil law, so it needs to be encouraged with a concrete mechanism to be more effective.
creator: Halimah Siti Rahmawati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Halimah Siti Rahmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1818
ending page: 1827
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3224

Harmonization of Muslim and Christian Communities: A Study in Cermin Nan Gedang District
type: item
description: This research departs from a unique phenomenon that occurs in the Muslim and Christian communities in Cermin Nan Gedang District. This study aims to explore and reveal the form of harmonization in the Muslim and Christian communities, the impacts, and factors that cause harmonization in Cermin Nan Gedang District. The research approach used by the researcher is field research, with a qualitative descriptive analysis research method. In this study, the researcher used observation, interview, and documentation methods as data collection instruments. The data analysis used data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. Meanwhile, the theory used to analyze this study is Nurcholis Madjid's theory on harmonization between Muslim and Christian communities. In this study, it was found that harmonization between the Muslim and Christian communities in Cermin Nan Gedang District is harmonious. The form of harmonization in establishing religious harmony in this district occurs at moments such as commemorating major holidays and traditional events such as weddings, from there they work together, mutual cooperation, and mutual assistance. This study concludes that the people of Cermin Nan Gedang District live side by side and as a community despite their different beliefs. This happens because they do not prioritize religion in social interactions, there is a process of brotherhood such as interfaith marriage and their awareness of the importance of harmonious unity between religious communities.
creator: Wiwit Nopriani
creator: Adi Iqbal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Wiwit Nopriani, Adi Iqbal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1828
ending page: 1842
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3194

Dynamics of Gono-Gini Property in Marriage: A Comparative Analysis of Indonesian Civil Law, Islamic Family Law, and Javanese Customary Law
type: item
description: The concept of harta gono-gini (joint marital property) constitutes a fundamental pillar of Indonesian family law, reflecting principles of economic justice and shared responsibility between spouses. This study aims to comparatively analyze the regulation and implementation of joint property within three major legal systems operating in Indonesia, namely Indonesian Civil Law, Islamic Family Law, and Javanese Customary Law. Using a normative legal research method supported by limited empirical data, this research examines statutory provisions, legal doctrines, court decisions, and living customary norms related to marital property. The findings reveal that all three legal systems substantively recognize joint property as assets acquired during marriage through the mutual contribution of husband and wife. However, significant differences emerge in their philosophical foundations and mechanisms of distribution. Indonesian Civil Law emphasizes formal legal certainty and tends to apply an equal division principle, while Islamic Family Law prioritizes proportional justice based on both economic and non-economic contributions. Meanwhile, Javanese Customary Law focuses on social harmony, moral values, and contextual fairness, often resolving disputes through family deliberation rather than formal litigation. The coexistence of these legal systems illustrates Indonesia’s legal pluralism, which creates both opportunities for contextual justice and challenges in the form of legal disharmony and jurisdictional overlap. This study concludes that legal pluralism in joint property regulation should be viewed as a legal asset rather than an obstacle. Therefore, an integrative approach to harmonizing national family law is necessary to ensure legal certainty while accommodating substantive justice aligned with Indonesia’s socio-cultural diversity.
creator: Khoirul Dwi Safe’i
creator: Ghozel Indrawan
creator: Hamdan Arifin
creator: Nike Ade Anggaeni
creator: Abid Assidiqi Zahra
creator: Fayyad Akram
creator: Annikmah Farida
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Khoirul Dwi Safe’i, Ghozel Indrawan, Hamdan Arifin, Nike Ade Anggaeni , Abid Assidiqi Zahra, Fayyad Akram, Annikmah Farida https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1843
ending page: 1855
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3189

Implementation of the Playing, Telling Stories, and Singing Method in Increasing Student Learning Motivation in the SKI Subject
type: item
description: Education plays a crucial role in shaping the character, knowledge, and civilization of the nation, including the teaching of Islamic Cultural History (SKI), which serves to instill Islamic values and character in students. However, in practice, SKI learning is often considered uninteresting, resulting in low student motivation. This study aims to determine the effect of implementing the BCM (Playing, Telling, and Singing) method on improving student motivation in SKI in sixth-grade students at MI Attamimi. This study used a quantitative approach with an experimental design using a One Group Pretest–Posttest. Forty students participated in the study. Data collection techniques included observation and documentation, while data analysis included validity, reliability, normality, homogeneity, independent t-tests, and the N-Gain test using SPSS version 27. The results showed that the research instrument had very high reliability, with a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.922. The data were normally distributed and homogeneous. The N-Gain test showed an average value of 81.79, which is in the high category. These findings indicate that the implementation of the BCM method significantly increases students' learning motivation. Therefore, the BCM method is effective as an alternative to Islamic Studies (IS) learning that is more active, enjoyable, and meaningful. This research contributes to providing an alternative innovative learning method through the application of the BCM method (Playing, Telling, and Singing) to increase students' learning motivation in the subject of Islamic Cultural History.
creator: Hani Siti Nuraeni
creator: Masripah Masripah
creator: Yufi Muhamad Nasruloh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hani Siti Nuraeni, Masripah Masripah, Yufi Muhamad Nasruloh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-03
publication date: 2026-05-03
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1856
ending page: 1869
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3327

The Concept of Tazkiyah Al-Nafs in the Qur'an and its Implications for Human Moral-Spiritual Growth (Hermenutical Study by Fazlur Rahman)
type: item
description: This study examines the concept of tazkiyah al-nafs in the Qur’an and its implications for human moral and spiritual development. In response to contemporary moral and spiritual crises, this research aims to provide a contextual understanding of soul purification as a foundation for ethical character building. This study employs a qualitative approach through library research, analyzing Qur’anic verses using Fazlur Rahman’s hermeneutical framework, particularly the double movement method, which involves examining the historical context of revelation and deriving universal moral principles applicable to modern life. The findings reveal that tazkiyah al-nafs is not merely a process of spiritual purification but also a transformative framework that shapes self-control, ethical awareness, and moral responsibility in both individual and social contexts. Furthermore, the study highlights that the values embedded in tazkiyah al-nafs such as honesty, self-discipline, and social responsibility remain highly relevant in addressing contemporary ethical challenges. Therefore, this concept serves as a significant ethical and spiritual foundation for fostering a morally conscious and spiritually aware society.
creator: Siti Mukarromatussa’diyyah
creator: Nyoko Adi Kuswoyo
creator: Miftara Ainul Mufid
creator: Ahmad Zainuddin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Mukarromatussa’diyyah, Nyoko Adi Kuswoyo, Miftara Ainul Mufid, Ahmad Zainuddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-03
publication date: 2026-05-03
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1870
ending page: 1882
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3380

Stylistics and Reflections on Character Education in Abu Nawas's Poem: Humility and Hope for Divine Forgiveness
type: item
description: Abu Nawas, a prominent poet from the Abbasid Dynasty, was renowned for his poems that reflected various themes of life, ranging from praises to rulers to ascetic and religious poetry later in his life. This study aims to analyze stylistics in Arabic literature, particularly the poem Humility and Hope for Divine Forgiveness by Abu Nawas. Stylistics, known in Arabic as ‘ilm al-uslub, is a linguistic and literary study that focuses on the style of language in literary works. This research adopts a qualitative method with a library research approach. Data were collected from various sources, including books, articles, and journals. The findings reveal that the verses in the poem Humility and Hope for Divine Forgiveness by Abu Nawas fall under the category of Uslub Adabi (literary style) since uslub refers to expressions that use language as their medium. This can be observed in the poem's exaggerated praise of Caliph Harun al-Rashid. However, with his humility, Abu Nawas composed poems aimed at criticizing contemporary poets who often imitated ancient poets by subtly introducing themes of ruin. When he recited the poem The Caravan of the Bani Mudhar, considered offensive to the Caliph, Harun al-Rashid became angry and imprisoned him. After his imprisonment, Abu Nawas's poetic themes transformed into more religious ones. This transformation can be seen in his psalms of hope for divine forgiveness, reflecting his spiritual journey toward God. He began contemplating resurrection and life after death, which led him to alter the tone of his prayers and supplications to Allah. Additionally, three character education values are embedded in the poem: humility, honesty, and religiosity.
creator: Diva Sekar Nur Haqim
creator: Rayhan Muhamad Ridwan
creator: Ruly Syaepul Azhar
creator: Rizzaldy Satria Wiwaha
creator: Dadan Rusmana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Diva Sekar Nur Haqim, Rayhan Muhamad Ridwan, Ruly Syaepul Azhar, Rizzaldy Satria Wiwaha, Dadan Rusmana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-03
publication date: 2026-05-03
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1883
ending page: 1895
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2129

Interpretation of the Prohibition on Non-Muslim Leaders in the Qur’an (Fazlurrahman's Hermeneutical Perspective)
type: item
description: The problem of non-Muslim leaders reaps many differences of opinion between figures and each other, they have strong arguments with each other to justify their arguments. One of those who contributed to this conversation was Prof. H. Nadirsyah Hosen, Ph.D or often called gus Nadir. He created a book with the title "Tafsir Al-Qur'an di Medsos" as a response to the problem of actual interpretation today which is only textual. Researchers correlate gus Nadir's interpretation using Fazlurrahman's hermeneutic perspective. This research is library research with a qualitative approach, primary data sources are focused on the book Tafsir Al-Quran in Medsos. The author uses data collection techniques through documentation techniques such as searching, browsing, downloading and screenshots. The question in this study is what is the meaning of the verse prohibiting the choice of non-muslim leaders in his book Gus Nadir when viewed based on Fazlurrahman's hermeneutic glasses? The results of this study found that Gus Nadir allowed the appointment of non-Muslim leaders and the interpretation carried out by him in accordance with the steps of the hermeneutic interpretation of the double movement by Fazlurrahman.
creator: Adam Wildan Sholeh
creator: Moch. Farich Alfani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Adam Wildan Sholeh, Moch. Farich Alfani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-03
publication date: 2026-05-03
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1896
ending page: 1905
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2399

Analysis of the Sale and Purchase of Goods from the Seller from the Perspective of Sharia Economic Law (Study at the Cahaya Baru Bangun Rejo Shop, Central Lampung)
type: item
description: The unstable price fluctuations of basic necessities indicate the potential for market distortion, one of which is the practice of hoarding (ihtikar), which can be detrimental to society. This condition raises questions regarding the compliance of this practice with the principles of Islamic economic law. This study formulates the problem of how the practice of buying and selling hoarded goods is carried out by sellers and how to analyze it from the perspective of Islamic economic law. This study aims to analyze this practice and assess its compliance with the principles of justice, transparency, and welfare. The method used is field research with a qualitative descriptive approach, through observation, interviews, and documentation techniques at the Cahaya Baru Bangun Rejo Store, Central Lampung. The results show that sellers purchase goods in large quantities when prices are low, then store them for resale when prices increase, which results in price increases and consumer burdens. This practice is also accompanied by a lack of price transparency. Based on the analysis, this practice points to indications of ihtikar, which is inconsistent with the principles of Islamic economic law because it contains elements of injustice and is detrimental to society.
creator: Tutur Astuti
creator: Linda Firdawaty
creator: Susi Nurkholidah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tutur Astuti , Linda Firdawaty, Susi Nurkholidah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-03
publication date: 2026-05-03
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1906
ending page: 1919
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3460

Taharah in the Qur'an: A Study of Maudhu'i Interpretation on the Foundations of Physical and Spiritual Cleanliness
type: item
description: The Qur'an is a guideline for rules that regulate everything in human life, especially a Muslim, because there is a lot of knowledge and laws in everyday life that are very important to learn, one example is taharah which is a rule in daily activities that must be carried out by a Muslim, especially in worship. This study uses a type of qualitative research, collecting data that is not in the form of numbers, where with this qualitative research the data that the author obtains from the results of analysis through the Library Research method in the form of books, journal articles, scriptures and other scientific works. In this study, the existence of taharah verses in the Koran is discussed, analysis of verses related to taharah, and interpretation of verses. The results of the study show that the types of Taharah in the Koran are classified into two. First, taharah on the physical and physical, such as taharah from uncleanness and hadas or material such as Ma'an t}ahura or holy water. Second, what is meant by pure is not pure as discussed in terms of fiqh or it can also be said to be pure from something physical or material, such as pure from hadas and impurities. However, what is meant is purity of soul and spiritual or non-material. The law of Taharah as interpreted by Ibn Kathir and Wahbah al-Zuhayli states that purification is obligatory for anyone who wants to perform prayers (who has not been purified) and it is sunnah for those who have purified themselves.
creator: Nurul Lisam
creator: Islamiyah Islamiyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Lisam, Islamiyah Islamiyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-03
publication date: 2026-05-03
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1920
ending page: 1928
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3474

Principal Leadership Management in Improving Teacher Motivation at Assa'adah Bungah Vocational School, Gresik
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze school principal leadership management in increasing teacher motivation at SMK Assa’adah Bungah Gresik. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. The research subjects include the school principal and teachers, with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis uses the Miles and Huberman interactive model which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that school principal leadership management at SMK Assa’adah Bungah Gresik is implemented through four management functions, namely planning that integrates vocational goals and Islamic values, organizing through clear division of tasks, actuating with democratic and exemplary leadership styles, and controlling in the form of coaching. Teacher motivation is driven by intrinsic factors in the form of spiritual awareness of teaching as worship, and extrinsic factors in the form of responsive leadership support. The integration of these managerial functions has proven effective in creating a conducive work climate and increasing teacher work motivation holistically in a pesantren-based vocational school environment. This research provides a theoretical contribution by strengthening the concept of principal leadership management based on the integration of Islamic values and the managerial function of POAC in improving teacher motivation. Practically, this research provides an implementation model for principals, particularly in Islamic boarding school-based vocational schools (SMK), in creating a conducive work climate and increasing teacher motivation in a sustainable manner.
creator: Syifaul Aini
creator: Qomaruddin Qomaruddin
creator: Nur Fatih Ahmad
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Syifaul Aini, Qomaruddin Qomaruddin, Nur Fatih Ahmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-05
publication date: 2026-05-05
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1929
ending page: 1939
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3339

The Complexity of Relationships between Individuals, Society, and Power in the Literary Works of Al-Mutanabbi
type: item
description: Al-Mutanabbi ranks as one of the most renowned poets in the history of Arabic literature, with his poems reflecting his complex personality and ambitions. This research aims to explore the main themes in Al-Mutanabbi's works, such as identity, self-pride, praise, social critique, and commentary on societal dynamics. By employing textual analysis and historical study methods, this research examines how Al-Mutanabbi used poetry to express his thoughts, construct his self-image, and deliver critiques of social conditions and patronage relationships during his time. The findings reveal that Al-Mutanabbi consistently projected a strong sense of confidence and pride in his works, portraying himself as a great poet. He built relationships with rulers through laudatory poems but also expressed bold criticism of opponents and the societal conditions of his era. His immense ambition is evident in his works, which often highlight the conflict between personal aspirations and the socio-political challenges of the Abbasid era. This study provides new insights into the relationship between a poet's life and the literary works he produces. It also emphasizes how poetry serves as a tool for constructing self-identity and responding to the dynamics of power in the classical era.
creator: Nurhilaliah Fitri Sholehah
creator: Astri Khodimatus Sholihah
creator: Channah Qotrunnada
creator: Rizzaldy Satria Wiwaha
creator: Dadan Rusmana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nurhilaliah Fitri Sholehah, Astri Khodimatus Sholihah, Channah Qotrunnada, Rizzaldy Satria Wiwaha, Dadan Rusmana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-05
publication date: 2026-05-05
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1940
ending page: 1953
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2053

The Philosophical Foundations of Islamic Educational Management: An Epistemological Analysis of Modern Management Theory
type: item
description: This study examines the philosophical foundations of Islamic Educational Management (IEM) through an epistemological analysis of modern management theory. The rapid adoption of modern management models in educational institutions has raised critical questions regarding their philosophical compatibility with Islamic values and educational objectives. Using a qualitative, library-based research design and philosophical analysis, this study explores the sources, validity, and assumptions of knowledge underlying both Islamic educational management and modern management theory. The findings reveal that IEM is grounded in a theocentric epistemology that integrates revelation, reason, empirical experience, and ethical consciousness, positioning management as a moral and spiritual responsibility rather than a value-neutral technical process. In contrast, modern management theory is largely rooted in positivist and empiricist epistemologies that emphasize efficiency, productivity, and instrumental rationality. Despite these differences, the study identifies significant points of convergence, particularly in the use of rational planning, organizational systems, and empirical tools. The study argues that modern management knowledge can be selectively integrated into Islamic educational contexts through an epistemological synthesis that aligns efficiency with ethical and spiritual accountability. This research contributes to the theoretical development of Islamic educational management by offering a conceptual framework that bridges modern management theory and Islamic epistemology, and provides philosophical guidance for educational leaders seeking value-based and contextually relevant management practices.
creator: Imam Buchori
creator: Iriyanto Iriyanto
creator: Herri Azhari
creator: Romi Sumarlin
creator: Agus Sujarwo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Imam Buchori, Iriyanto Iriyanto , Herri Azhari, Romi Sumarlin, Agus Sujarwo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1954
ending page: 1967
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3208

Evaluation of Education from the Perspective of the Hadiths of Al-Kutub As-Sittah
type: item
description: Hadith is the second source of knowledge for Muslims after the Koran, the proof of a hadith needs to be explored so that it gives strength to the development of science because it really comes from the words, actions and taqrir of the Prophet Muhammad Saw.. In the context of education, especially evaluation, many hadiths are used as a basic source for developing evaluation. In the educational process, the way to find out how successful the learning objectives or participant competencies are is through evaluation. This research uses a literature review with a content analysis approach. Based on the findings of this research, several hadith histories were found which explain that the Prophet evaluated his friends in understanding religious teachings or in carrying out their duties, even the Prophet was also evaluated by Allah through the Angel Gabriel. The measurement system (measurement) used by the Prophet himself did not use a laboratory system, however the principles show that the measurement system is also found in the Hadith of the Prophet. Evaluation of education in Hadith pays attention to the quality of exams according to the religious level or level/class level. The domains of evaluation mentioned in the Hadith as the domains found in educational science today include: evaluation of the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains.
creator: Acep Dani Ramdani
creator: Nur Ainiyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Acep Dani Ramdani, Nur Ainiyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1968
ending page: 1983
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3447

Universal Social Values in the Perspective of Sayyid Husain Fadhlullah's Thematic Tafsir
type: item
description: Increasing global social tensions, identity conflicts, and humanitarian crises highlight the urgency of reconstructing universal ethical values grounded in the Qur’an. However, existing studies tend to be normative and lack contextual integration with contemporary social realities. This study aims to analyze the construction of universal social values in the thematic interpretation of Sayyid Muhammad Husain Fadlullah and examine its relevance to modern social challenges. This research employs a qualitative library approach using thematic (maudhu‘i) interpretation and qualitative content analysis, supported by a hermeneutic framework. The primary source is Tafsir Min Wahy al-Qur’an, complemented by relevant academic literature. The findings reveal that Fadlullah constructs an integrated system of social ethics consisting of justice (al-‘adl), human dignity (karamat al-insan), social solidarity (al-takaful al-ijtima‘i), and diversity (al-ta‘addudiyyah). These values are interrelated and function as a dynamic, contextual, and transformative ethical framework. The study concludes that Fadlullah’s interpretation contributes significantly to developing a universal, inclusive, and applicable social ethics framework for plural and modern societies.
creator: Moh. Hafidul Ahkam
creator: Ahmad Fawaid
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Moh. Hafidul Ahkam, Ahmad Fawaid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-09
publication date: 2026-05-09
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1984
ending page: 1998
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3446

Moral Education from the Perspective of Hadith in Shaping a Pious Generation
type: item
description: This study aims to examine and analyze moral education from the perspective of hadith as a foundation for shaping a pious generation. Using a qualitative approach and the Maudu'i method, the research investigates hadiths related to moral education and their relevance in the context of modern education. The findings reveal two primary hadiths analyzed in depth concerning moral education: first, the hadith about proximity to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) on the Day of Judgment for those with noble character (narrated by At-Tirmidhi); and second, the hadith stating that the most perfect believer is the one with the best character (narrated by Abu Dawud). The analysis of the isnad (chain of transmission) and matn (content) of these two hadiths indicates a hasan-sahih quality, reinforcing their validity as a basis for moral education. This research also highlights that hadith-based moral education has strong relevance in shaping a pious generation in the modern era, particularly in addressing the challenges of moral degradation and the negative impacts of globalization. The implementation of moral values taught in these hadiths can serve as an effective solution for cultivating a young generation that is not only intellectually capable but also possesses high moral integrity and piety.
creator: Asril Azhari Hasibuan
creator: M. Hasan Ishfi
creator: Muhammad Zakir Hasibuan
creator: Afdhalurrahman
creator: Zulfahmi Lubis
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Asril Azhari Hasibuan, M. Hasan Ishfi, Muhammad Zakir Hasibuan, Afdhalurrahman, Zulfahmi Lubis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-09
publication date: 2026-05-09
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 1999
ending page: 2011
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2114

Discipline in Islamic Religious Education: Maintaining Truth Values in the Modern Era
type: item
description: In this rapidly evolving modern era, the primary challenge in Islamic religious education is how to maintain the true values taught in Islam, especially among the younger generation exposed to the influence of globalization, social media, and secular lifestyles. This study aims to analyze the role of discipline in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at MTs NU Kraksaan in maintaining Islamic values amidst modern progress. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, collecting data through in-depth interviews with five Islamic education teachers and direct classroom observations. The results show that discipline in Islamic education not only includes adherence to formal classroom rules but also plays an important role in internalizing religious values in students' daily lives. Discipline is applied through reinforcing classroom rules and instilling religious values in students' routines. Despite challenges such as the influence of social media and limited facilities, consistent discipline implementation positively impacts the strengthening of students' character and morals. The conclusion of this study is that discipline in Islamic education at MTs NU Kraksaan functions as an effective tool to maintain and strengthen the values of Islamic truth among students. This research contributes to the theory of Islamic education by emphasizing the importance of discipline in shaping students' character. The implications of this study highlight the importance of enhancing the role of parents and supporting facilities in the implementation of discipline. Recommendations for future research include exploring the impact of technology on discipline in Islamic education and its application in various madrasahs.
creator: M Mahbubi
creator: Muhammad Yunus
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 M Mahbubi, Muhammad Yunus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-10
publication date: 2026-05-10
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2012
ending page: 2022
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3423

The Role of the Madrasah Principal in Managing Education in the Digital Age
type: item
description: Advances in digital technology have brought significant changes to the education system, including in madrasahs. This article aims to examine the role of madrasah principals in managing education in the digital age, covering aspects of leadership, management, teacher competency development, learning innovation, as well as the challenges and strategies faced. The method used is a literature review with a qualitative approach through content analysis of various sources. The results of the study indicate that madrasah principals serve as visionary and transformational leaders in integrating technology, enhancing teacher competencies through training and supervision, and promoting digital learning innovations such as e-learning and blended learning. However, implementation still faces obstacles such as limited infrastructure, low digital literacy, and resistance to change. Therefore, strategies are needed through the strengthening of human resources, the provision of facilities and infrastructure, as well as the development of an adaptive digital culture grounded in Islamic values.
creator: Imailda Nur Laila
creator: Muhamad Taufik Bintang Kejora
creator: Wahidin Wahidin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Imailda Nur Laila, Muhamad Taufik Bintang Kejora, Wahidin Wahidin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-10
publication date: 2026-05-10
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2023
ending page: 2032
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3498

Reconstructing the Meaning of Justice in the Qur'an: Integrating Izutsu’s Semantics and Arkoun’s Semiotics through a Spiral-Triadic Approach
type: item
description: Justice (al-‘adl) constitutes the moral core of the Qur’an; however, its interpretation within contemporary Islamic legal discourse has often stagnated due to the dichotomy between rigid textualism and unrestrained contextualism. This study aims to reconstruct the concept of justice through the framework of Noetic Legal Methodology, specifically the Spiral-Triadic Model. Employing a trans-epistemological library-based approach, the study integrates Toshihiko Izutsu’s semantic analysis and Mohammed Arkoun’s semiotic critique within a circular analytical movement (the Demystificatory Circular Process). The findings reveal three fundamental insights. First, at the bayani (textual) level, Izutsu’s semantics uncovers that ‘adl is not merely a legal concept but an ontological principle of balance (mizan) that underpins the Qur’anic Weltanschauung. Second, at the burhani (contextual) level, Arkoun’s critique of reason demystifies historical distortions, demonstrating how the meaning of justice has frequently been appropriated by power structures to sustain the status quo. Third, at the ‘irfani (synthetic) level, the integration of these approaches produces the notion of “liberative justice,” understood as a dynamic movement aimed at restoring social equilibrium guided by transcendental values. This study concludes that the proposed noetic synthesis offers a viable resolution to the methodological impasse in Qur’anic interpretation, repositioning justice as an emancipatory instrument relevant to contemporary humanity.
creator: Dwinuryudha Ken Rifqi
creator: Andri Nirwana. AN
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dwinuryudha Ken Rifqi, Andri Nirwana. AN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-11
publication date: 2026-05-11
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2033
ending page: 2048
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3201

Conceptualization of Limit Theory as an Epistemological Instrument for Renewal of Interpretation in the Thoughts of Fazlur Rahman and Abdul Aziz
type: item
description: This study aims to construct and analyze the theory of limits as an epistemological instrument for interpretive renewal in the thought of Fazlur Rahman and Abdul Aziz. The primary focus of this study is to understand how these two figures place the limits of rationality and the authority of revelation in the process of interpreting the Qur'an. This study uses a qualitative approach with library research and applies a philosophical-hermeneutic approach. Data were obtained from the main works of Fazlur Rahman (Islam and Modernity, Major Themes of the Qur'an) and Abdul Aziz (Limit Theory in Islamic Epistemology, Contemporary Islamic Epistemological Reform), then analyzed using content analysis with a comparative-critical approach. The results show that Fazlur Rahman emphasizes limits as the moral boundaries of the Qur'an that keep interpretation rooted in the values of revelation, while Abdul Aziz formulates limits as an epistemic framework that regulates the extent to which rationality can play a role in interpreting divine texts. The two combine to form a conceptual synthesis that suggests that limit theory serves as an epistemological balancing mechanism between freedom of thought and adherence to revelation. This research contributes to strengthening the epistemological aspect of exegetical methodology and offers a sustainable paradigm of exegesis (afsir) that is rational, contextual, and maintains divine value.
creator: Yunus Hawary
creator: Andri Nirwana. AN
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Yunus Hawary, Andri Nirwana. AN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-11
publication date: 2026-05-11
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2049
ending page: 2063
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3202

Feminist Paradigm in Qur’anic Exegesis: Integrating Tawhidic Hermeneutics and Qira’ah Mubadalah
type: item
description: This article formulates an integrative model for interpreting Qur’anic verses on gender relations through Amina Wadud’s tawhidic hermeneutics and Faqihuddin Abdul Kodir’s qira’ah mubadalah. The central question is how tawhid, justice, and reciprocity may become an exegetical procedure that preserves textual authority while preventing patriarchal bias in meaning production. This study employs qualitative library research using descriptive-analytical and thematic-critical analysis of Wadud’s and Kodir’s primary works, selected Qur’anic verses, and contemporary scholarship on gender-sensitive exegesis. The analytical procedure consists of linguistic analysis, socio-historical contextualization, intra-textual coherence, formulation of universal principles, mubadalah-based reciprocity, and maqasid/harm analysis. The application to Q. 9:71, Q. 33:35, and Q. 4:34 demonstrates that the tawhidic–mubadalah integration expands the moral subject of the verses, interprets qiwamah as functional and conditional responsibility, understands nusyuz as a two-way relational problem, and affirms non-violent conflict resolution within family ethics.
creator: Muhammad Zidan Fauzi Al Farisi
creator: Andri Nirwana. AN
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Zidan Fauzi Al Farisi, Andri Nirwana. AN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-11
publication date: 2026-05-11
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2064
ending page: 2073
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3203

Thematic Unity Theory in the Qur'an: Comparative Analysis between Tafsir Al-Farahi and Tafsir Sa'id Hawwa
type: item
description: This study analyzes the concept of thematic unity (al-wahdah al-mawdhu‘iyyah or nazm) in Qur’anic exegesis as developed by two important figures in modern exegesis, Hamiduddin Al-Farahi (1863–1930) and Sa‘id Hawwa (1935–1989) (Khanan et al., 2025). Both represent two distinct but complementary methodological styles: Al-Farahi with a structural-linguistic approach that emphasizes the internal coherence of the text through the concepts of ‘umud (the central theme of the surah) and nazm (verse coherence), while Sa‘id Hawwa developed a thematic-conceptual exegesis (tafsir mawdhu‘i) that highlights the inter-verse relationships (munasabah) and the moral and social relevance of revelation. Using qualitative-comparative methods and a hermeneutical approach to interpretation, this study explores the epistemological similarities and methodological differences between the two, and assesses their implications for modern exegesis studies. The results demonstrate that the thematic unity theory offers a new paradigm for understanding the Quran integratively rejecting atomistic readings and emphasizing that each chapter possesses an interconnected architecture of meaning. The synergy between the nazm (Farahi) and the thematic-applicative (Hawwa) approaches enriches exegesis studies with a balance between scientific rigor and contextual relevance (Basir et al., 2022). These findings are expected to contribute to the development of a modern exegesis methodology that is not only academic and linguistic, but also reflective of the social realities of contemporary Muslims.
creator: Zihan Amalia Shabrina
creator: Andri Nirwana. AN
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Zihan Amalia Shabrina, Andri Nirwana. AN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-11
publication date: 2026-05-11
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2074
ending page: 2092
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3205

The Ecotheology of the Qur'an in Surah Ar-Rahman: The Balance of Nature as a Manifestation of Divine Grace
type: item
description: This research aims to examine ecotheological values in QS. Ar-Rahman verses 1–12 and their relevance in building human ecological awareness. The global environmental crisis indicates that ecological damage is caused not only by technical factors, but also by human spiritual crises that weakens the harmonious relationship between man, God, and nature. This study employs a thematic interpretation approach with a descriptive qualitative method based on library research. The primary data source is QS. Ar-Rahman verses 1–12 analyzed through Tafsir Al-Misbah, Tafsir Fi Zhilalil Qur'an, and Tafsir Al-Azhar. The results reveal six main ecotheological values, namely divine mercy as the foundational principle, along with human stewardship, cosmic submission, balance (mizan), justice (al-qisth) and gratitude as derivative principles. These values constitute the concept of Qur'anic ecotheology, which emphasizes that nature is a manifestation of divine mercy that must be preserved by humans as vicegerents. This study concludes that integrating divine mercy and ecological awareness contributes to the formation of sustainable environmental ethics, indicating that addressing environmental crisis requires not only scientific approaches but also the internalization of Qur'anic values.
creator: Harisatul Qibtiyah
creator: Musolli Musolli
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Harisatul Qibtiyah, Musolli Musolli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2093
ending page: 2109
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3461

The Use Of Information Technology In Madrasah Archival Administration
type: item
description: The integration of information technology in madrasah institutions has brought new challenges, especially for administrative staff who lack the digital literacy necessary to operate these systems effectively. This technological gap hinders their ability to adapt to modern advances, resulting in operational inefficiencies. In the context of records management, it is essential for staff to optimize technology to facilitate document access and retrieval. This article aims to explore the use of information technology in school archiving systems and highlight its positive impact on madrasah institutions. Using a descriptive qualitative approach through a literature review, data were collected by systematically analyzing relevant books, journals, and academic articles. The findings show that the implementation of adaptive information technology in archive administration significantly improves school management. This transition is vital for the continuous improvement and future development of madrasah institutions. Ultimately, this study serves as a comprehensive reference for optimizing information technology in archive administration.
creator: Junita Putri
creator: Iqbal Amar Muzaki
creator: Wahidin Wahidin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Junita Putri, Iqbal Amar Muzaki, Wahidin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-14
publication date: 2026-05-14
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2110
ending page: 2124
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3351

Game-Based Learning for Arabic Vocabulary Development: The Implementation of “Mughamarah fil ‘Arabiyyah” in a Junior High School
type: item
description: Vocabulary mastery plays a fundamental role in Arabic language learning, particularly at the secondary school level where students begin to develop more complex language skills. However, vocabulary instruction in many schools remains dominated by teacher-centered and memorization-based approaches, which often result in low student engagement and limited retention. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Mughamarah fil ‘Arabiyyah, a non-digital game-based learning medium, in improving students’ Arabic vocabulary mastery. The study employed a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design. The participants consisted of 12 eighth-grade students at SMP Bina Dakwah, Bogor, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through a 20-item Arabic vocabulary test administered before and after the implementation of the game-based learning intervention. Descriptive statistics and a paired sample t-test were used to analyze the data. The results revealed a significant improvement in students’ vocabulary mastery, with the mean score increasing from 68.18 in the pretest to 90.67 in the posttest. These findings indicate that Mughamarah fil ‘Arabiyyah is an effective instructional medium for enhancing Arabic vocabulary learning, particularly in educational contexts with limited technological resources. This study contributes to Arabic language pedagogy by providing empirical evidence on the effectiveness of non-digital game-based learning media and offers practical insights for teachers seeking engaging vocabulary instruction strategies in resource-limited classrooms.
creator: Nurul Fahmi
creator: Muhammad Kamal bin Abdul Hakim
creator: Farida Nazriyah
creator: Mutiara Fitri Sa'diah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Fahmi, Muhammad Kamal bin Abdul Hakim, Farida Nazriyah, Mutiara Fitri Sa'diah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-14
publication date: 2026-05-14
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2125
ending page: 2136
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3318

Fiscal Regulations for Handling Inflation according to Taqiyyuddin An-Nabhani
type: item
description: Inflation is a significant economic challenge in many countries, including Indonesia. In 2023, inflation in Indonesia reached 5.5%, far exceeding the target of 3±1%. Conventional economic systems often face difficulties in managing inflation, while Islamic economics offers alternative solutions. This study uses a literature study approach by analyzing the works of Taqiyuddin An-Nabhani, specifically in An Nizham Al Iqtishadi fi Al Islam and Al-Amwal fi Dawlat al-Khilafah. Data were collected from books, journals, and related literature discussing An-Nabhani's Islamic economic thought. The results show that An-Nabhani's proposed fiscal approach emphasizes the equitable distribution of wealth through instruments such as zakat and price regulation. This system can help reduce inflation by ensuring that wealth does not circulate in the hands of only a few people, while also protecting people's purchasing power. An-Nabhani emphasized the importance of the state's role in managing inflation through fiscal policies that focus on economic balance and wealth distribution. This fiscal policy must be combined with monetary policies that maintain the money supply, so that economic stability can be achieved. The main challenge is ensuring the effective implementation of wealth distribution policies in a modern economic context. Implementing An-Nabhani's theory requires structural reforms in the fiscal system, such as zakat management and tax reform. Furthermore, changes in economic behavior and global market dynamics pose challenges to the application of this theory. However, this approach offers the potential to reduce economic instability and create inclusive growth.
creator: Muhammad Sulthan Abimanyu Prakoso Putra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Sulthan Abimanyu Prakoso Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-14
publication date: 2026-05-14
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2137
ending page: 2148
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2155

Review of Political Ethics and Sadd adz-Dzari'ah on the Phenomenon of Political Dynasties in Indonesia
type: item
description: This study examines the issue of political dynasties in Indonesia. The background to this issue is concern over the significant rise in political dynasty practices, as evidenced by the increase in the number of regional election candidates from political elite families. Specifically, this study discusses: 1) How regulations in Indonesia govern the issue of political dynasties, 2) How political ethics assess the phenomenon of political dynasties, and 3) How sadd adz-dzari'ah assesses the phenomenon of political dynasties. This study uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques from books, journals, and previous studies. The main results show that political dynasties arise due to imperfect regulations and their implementation. From the perspective of Kantian political ethics, this practice is morally unjustifiable because it violates the three main principles of Kantian political ethics. Meanwhile, from the perspective of sadd adz-dzari'ah, appropriate efforts are needed from the government, because political dynasties can threaten the principles of democracy in Indonesia.
creator: Lucky Andrie Awan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Lucky Andrie Awan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-16
publication date: 2026-05-16
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2149
ending page: 2159
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3409

Thematic Tafsir Approach to the Six Principles of Qaulan in Addressing Digital Hate Speech
type: item
description: The phenomenon of the proliferation of hate speech on social media constitutes an important background for this study. The low level of digital communication ethics, accompanied by the high intensity of hate speech in cyberspace, has encouraged the author to examine this phenomenon through a Qur’anic perspective. Ideally, communication between individuals and groups should reflect the values of respect, gentleness, and truth as taught in the Qur’an through the concepts of qaulan kariman, qaulan layyinan, qaulan ma‘rufan, and others. This article employs a conceptual thematic exegesis approach to analyse verses that prohibit hate speech and a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by examining literature from 2015–2024 within the framework of thematic-conceptual interpretation. The main findings indicate that the Qur’an not only condemns hate speech, but also offers practical guidance on ethical communication in society, including in the digital era. Therefore, the implementation of Qur’anic values serves as a moral and social solution in fostering a healthy, peaceful, and civilised space of interaction amidst the advancement of information technology.
creator: Abdullah Hasan
creator: Ainur Rhain
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Abdullah Hasan, Ainur Rhain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-16
publication date: 2026-05-16
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2160
ending page: 2173
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3414

Re-reading of the Concept of Naskh and Mansukh According to Nasr Hamid Abu Zaid and Its Implications for the Interpretation of the Qur’an
type: item
description: This article discusses the reconstruction of one of the fundamental concepts in ‘ulumul Qur’an, namely the theory of nasikh-mansukh, which has long been regarded by some classical scholars as definitive and unchanging. One of the figures undertaking this reconstruction is Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd. Nasr Hamid’s reconstruction of the concept of nasikh-mansukh is a response to the ongoing debate between groups that accept and those that reject the existence of nasikh-mansukh in the Qur’an. According to Nasr Hamid, one of the factors causing this debate is the interpretation of naskh as the abrogation or cancellation of a verse. For Nasr Hamid, such a meaning fails to reflect the universal nature of the Qur’an. The primary focus of the concept of naskh-mansukh, which also serves as a determining variable, as proposed by Nasr Hamid, lies in the aspect of context (siyaq). He argues that in determining which verses are naskh and which are mansukh, one should not rely on the chronological order of the verses’ revelation, but must instead consider the contextual analysis of the situation in which the verse was revealed. This is based on the assumption that every verse of the Qur’an was revealed within a socio-cultural context relevant to the needs of society at that time. Therefore, he interprets naskh not as abrogation or revocation, but rather as the replacement (ibdal) of one verse with another, which occurs due to changes in circumstances and conditions that cause the application of that verse to be temporarily suspended until it is reintroduced in accordance with the prevailing conditions.
creator: Muhammad Fajri
creator: Suheri Suheri
creator: Tarmizi Tarmizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Fajri, Suheri Suheri, Tarmizi Tarmizi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-16
publication date: 2026-05-16
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2174
ending page: 2190
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3418

Reconstructing the Meaning of Fiqh Learning through Accelerated and Quantum Learning in the Digital Generation
type: item
description: This study addresses a critical gap in Islamic education by rethinking fiqh learning beyond its traditional normative-transmissive orientation toward a more meaningful and contextually grounded process. Employing a qualitative case study design, the research was conducted in a Grade 11 classroom at MA Raudlotut Tholibin Banjarnegara between January and February 2026. Data were generated through in-depth interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis, and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. The findings demonstrate a fundamental shift in fiqh learning from knowledge transmission to a process of experiential and socially mediated meaning construction. This transformation unfolds through a dynamic interplay of student engagement, pedagogical adaptation, and experiential learning practices, in which students actively negotiate meaning through interaction, reflection, and lived experience. Engagement extends beyond observable participation to include cognitive and reflective involvement, while adaptation emerges as an inherent dimension of the learning process rather than a transitional stage. Consequently, fiqh is no longer understood as a fixed body of normative knowledge but as a contextual and lived practice shaped by students’ everyday realities. The study offers a theoretical contribution by reconceptualizing fiqh learning as a process of socially mediated experiential meaning-making, thereby challenging dominant transmissive paradigms in Islamic education. Practically, it underscores the need for designing interactive and context-sensitive learning environments aligned with the characteristics of digital generation learners. Ultimately, this study positions fiqh learning as a transformative pedagogical space where knowledge is continuously constructed, negotiated, and lived.
creator: Irfan Musonif
creator: Syifa Salsabila
creator: Risa Naelatus Syifa
creator: Donny Khoirul Azis
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Irfan Musonif, Syifa Salsabila, Risa Naelatus Syifa, Donny Khoirul Azis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-16
publication date: 2026-05-16
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2191
ending page: 2205
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3455

Comparative Study of the Concept of Human Creation in Qs. Al-Mu’minun Verses 12–14 Perspective of Hamka and Wahbah Zuhaili
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the interpretation of Quranic embryology in Surah Al-Mu'minun, verses 12–14, according to Hamka in Tafsir al-Azhar and Wahbah Zuhaili in Tafsir al-Munir, and to identify similarities and differences in their interpretive methodologies. This study uses a qualitative approach with library research and a comparative interpretation method (tafsir muqaran). Primary data were obtained from the interpretation of Surah Al-Mu'minun, verses 12–14 in both tafsir books, while secondary data came from literature related to scientific interpretation, Quranic embryology, and contemporary interpretation methodology. Data collection was conducted through documentation and analyzed using content analysis. The results of this study indicate that Hamka and Wahbah Zuhaili both interpret the stages of human creation, from conception to conception, nufah, 'alaqah, mudghah, bone formation, wrapping with flesh, and the breathing of the soul, as evidence of God's power. However, Hamka emphasizes a narrative, reflective, and social approach by linking the verses to the development of science and human values. In contrast, Wahbah Zuhaili uses a systematic, linguistic, and theological approach with an emphasis on the aspects of monotheism and human resurrection. This study concludes that the differences in interpretation are influenced by the intellectual background and methodology of each exegete. This research contributes to the development of scientific and comparative interpretations in contemporary Qur'anic studies.
creator: Anggi Mahendra
creator: Ainur Rhain
creator: Kharis Nugroho
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Anggi Mahendra, Ainur Rhain, Kharis Nugroho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-16
publication date: 2026-05-16
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2206
ending page: 2223
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3540

Naqd Al-Nassh Lil Qur'an: Study of Reason Criticism of the Qur'an According to Ali Harb
type: item
description: This article aims to explore Ali Harb's thoughts on the concept of Naqd al-Nassh (Textual Criticism) in Qur'anic studies. As a contemporary Lebanese intellectual deeply influenced by the post-structuralist tradition, Ali Harb offers a new perspective that goes beyond classical methods of exegesis. Through a library study of relevant journals, this research outlines how Ali Harb deconstructs text authority and religious reason considered to be frozen. The research results show that Ali Harb's version of the critique of Qur'anic reason does not aim to undermine the sanctity of the text, but rather to dismantle the thought mechanisms (epistemology) of Muslims in understanding the text so that it remains productive and relevant to contemporary reality. Ali Harb encourages a shift from "dead" reading (qira'ah mayyitah) to "productive-critical" reading (qira'ah muntijah-naqdiyah). This article also reviews the strengths and weaknesses of Harb's thought and its relevance in the context of Islamic studies in Indonesia today.
creator: Teuku Muhammad Fauzan Robbani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Teuku Muhammad Fauzan Robbani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-16
publication date: 2026-05-16
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2224
ending page: 2236
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3545

Islamic Education for Women in the Majelis Taklim
type: item
description: Majelis taklim (Islamic study groups) are informal Islamic study forums in Indonesia that play a crucial role in the religious education of the community, particularly women. Islamic education for women in majelis taklim focuses on learning and deepening religious knowledge through the study of the Quran, Hadith, fiqh, and morals. This aims to strengthen women's roles in Islam: as wives, mothers of their children, and members of society. The learning format includes lectures, discussions, and practical activities, organized regularly and scheduled by female religious teachers (ustadzah) to ensure the smooth running of majelis taklim activities. The benefits of majelis taklim activities for women include increasing religious literacy and social empowerment, with programs such as Islamic parenting courses being offered. This is the importance of Islamic education for women. However, challenges such as limited access and gender stereotypes persist. Modern developments involve online platforms and the integration of contemporary issues, such as gender equality in Islam, to expand women's participation.
creator: Yuyun Ningsih
creator: Sururin
creator: Erba Rozalina Yulianti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Yuyun Ningsih, Sururin, Erba Rozalina Yulianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-16
publication date: 2026-05-16
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2237
ending page: 2247
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3381

http://al-afkar.com/index.php/Afkar_Journal/article/view/3377
type: item
title: The Role of Teacher Personality Competence in Islamic Religious Education and Character Education Subjects for the Inculcation of Religious Character in Class VI B at Mojosongo III State Elementary School, Surakarta, Academic Year 2025/2026
description: This study aims to describe the role of personality competency of Islamic Religious Education and Character Building teachers in Surakarta for instilling religious character in class VI B students at SDN Mojosongo III Surakarta in the 2025/2026 academic year. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method. The subjects of this study were the Principal, Islamic Religious Teachers, and Class VI B Students. Data collection techniques in this study were through observation, interviews, and documentation. The method of checking the validity of qualitative data was carried out by triangulation of sources and triangulation of techniques. The data in this research technique were analyzed in the sequence of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that (1) the role of good teacher personality competency is able to play a role in instilling and developing religious character in class VI B students at SDN Mojosongo III Surakarta in Islamic Religious Education and Character Building learning, although there are still some student behaviors that need to be continuously fostered and improved through teacher habits and role models. (2) The implementation of Islamic Religious Education and Character Education in improving the religious character of class VI B students at Mojosongo III Surakarta State Elementary School is carried out through various learning activities that integrate religious values in the teaching and learning process. These activities include getting used to praying before and after activities, improving table manners such as praying before eating and drinking, eating and drinking while sitting, praying in congregation, as well as instilling attitudes of discipline, politeness, and respect for others.
creator: Amanda Nabilah Diyanto
creator: Anita Trisiana
creator: Muhammad Faruq Hanafi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Amanda Nabilah Diyanto, Anita Trisiana, Muhammad Faruq Hanafi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-16
publication date: 2026-05-16
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2248
ending page: 2257
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3377

http://al-afkar.com/index.php/Afkar_Journal/article/view/3365
type: item
title: The Influence of Perception of Tastura Cultural Value Integration and Compliance with Sharia Principles in the Profit Sharing System on the Decision to Become a Member of the Merah Putih Cooperative in Central Lombok
description: Cooperatives play an important role as economic institutions in improving community welfare through principles of mutual cooperation and member empowerment. In societies with strong local cultural values and a predominantly Muslim population, the integration of local cultural values and compliance with sharia principles in cooperative management can influence people’s decisions to become members. This study aims to analyze the effect of perceptions of the integration of Tastura cultural values and compliance with sharia principles in the profit-sharing system on the decision to become members of the Koperasi Merah Putih in Central Lombok. This research uses a quantitative approach with a total sampling technique involving 72 respondents who are cooperative members. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression after passing validity, reliability, and normality tests. The results show that perceptions of the integration of Tastura cultural values and compliance with sharia principles have a significant effect both partially and simultaneously on the decision to become cooperative members. These findings indicate that the integration of local cultural values and the consistent implementation of sharia principles can increase public trust in cooperatives and encourage membership participation. Therefore, strengthening local cultural values and maintaining consistency in implementing sharia principles in cooperative management are important strategies to enhance community participation in cooperatives.
creator: Supratman Supratman
creator: Galih Mulya Subastyan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Supratman, Galih Mulya Subastyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-16
publication date: 2026-05-16
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2258
ending page: 2267
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3365

Religious Moderation in Indonesia's Multicultural Society: A Conceptual and Social Analysis
type: item
description: Indonesia is a country characterized by a high level of religious, ethnic, and cultural diversity, which necessitates a religious approach capable of maintaining social harmony and cohesion. Religious moderation has emerged as an essential concept in responding to such pluralism by emphasizing balance, tolerance, and justice in understanding and practicing religious teachings. This article aims to examine the concept of religious moderation, its foundations and underlying principles, its core values, objectives and urgency, forms of implementation, as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors within the Indonesian social context. This study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method, analyzing scholarly books, peer-reviewed journal articles, and relevant policy documents. The findings indicate that religious moderation is grounded in strong theological, philosophical, and constitutional foundations and plays a strategic role in preventing conflict, strengthening humanitarian values, and maintaining national integration. The implementation of religious moderation requires sustained collaboration among the government, educational institutions, religious leaders, and society. Despite challenges such as radicalism, limited digital literacy, identity politics, and the lack of exemplary leadership, religious moderation remains a fundamental pillar in fostering a peaceful, just, and tolerant society in Indonesia.
creator: Arna Saskia
creator: Rahmad Hidayat
creator: Jamilus
creator: Kumaidi
creator: Novita Jurniati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Arna Saskia, Rahmad Hidayat, Jamilus, Kumaidi, Novita Jurniati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-16
publication date: 2026-05-16
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2268
ending page: 2284
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3350

Implementation of Project Based Learning Model in Improving Students' Teamwork Skills in Elementary Schools
type: item
description: This study aims to describe the implementation of the Project Based Learning model and to improve the teamwork skills of fourth-grade students in Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dan Sosial learning. This research employed Classroom Action Research conducted in two cycles consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The subjects were fourth-grade students of Sekolah Dasar Negeri 209/IV Kota Jambi. Data were collected through observation, documentation, and teamwork questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative techniques. The results showed that the implementation of the Project Based Learning model in Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dan Sosial learning improved students’ teamwork skills, as indicated by the increasing percentage of achievement in each cycle. Students also became more active, collaborative, and responsible in completing group tasks. Therefore, the Project Based Learning model is effective in enhancing the teamwork skills of fourth-grade students.
creator: Siti Kaila Zahwa
creator: Muhaiminah Jalal
creator: Nisa Aulia
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Kaila Zahwa, Muhaiminah Jalal, Nisa Aulia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-16
publication date: 2026-05-16
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2285
ending page: 2294
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3325

The Application of Hadith on Morality among Hadith Studies Students at UIN Sumatera Utara Medan
type: item
description: The rapid development of technology today is accompanied by various moral problems in society, such as the rise of online gambling, drug abuse, promiscuity, and the decline of respect toward parents and teachers. This phenomenon indicates a moral crisis that has also affected higher education. This study aims to analyze the application of hadiths on morality in the daily lives of Hadith Studies students at UIN Sumatera Utara Medan and to identify the factors influencing it. This research employs a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, and were analyzed using a descriptive-analytical technique. The results show that the application of moral hadiths among students is still partial and inconsistent, influenced by factors such as the campus environment, family, and social interactions. Nevertheless, there are efforts to internalize moral values through both academic and non-academic activities. This study concludes that strengthening the implementation of moral hadiths requires an integrative approach involving curriculum development, lecturers’ role modeling, and a supportive social environment. Therefore, it is recommended to enhance systematic and sustainable moral development programs within the university environment.
creator: Nabila Yunita
creator: Dahlia Lubis
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nabila Yunita, Dahlia Lubis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-16
publication date: 2026-05-16
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2295
ending page: 2310
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3475

Islamic Historiography from Normative Tradition to Critical and Interdisciplinary Approach
type: item
description: This article aims to analyze the transformation of Islamic historiography from a normative tradition toward critical and interdisciplinary approaches. Employing a qualitative approach with a literature review method, this study synthesizes and critically examines various scholarly works related to the development of Islamic historiography. The findings indicate that early Islamic historiography was rooted in oral traditions and the codification of hadith, which established an epistemological foundation based on the verification of transmission (sanad) and content (matan). In its classical phase, Islamic historiography was predominantly siyasah-oriented, reflecting the interplay between knowledge production and political power, resulting in elitist and event-centered narratives. Criticism of these limitations led to the emergence of more analytical approaches, most notably articulated by Ibn Khaldun through his concept of social interpretation. In the modern period, Islamic historiography has evolved toward interdisciplinary approaches by incorporating social, cultural, and economic perspectives, including localized contexts such as Indonesian historiography. This study argues that Islamic historiography is a dynamic epistemological construct that has shifted from a normative-descriptive model to a critical-reflective approach in understanding history.
creator: Annisa Nur Baeti
creator: Susanti Sangidah
creator: Irfan Musonif
creator: Kholid Mawardi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Annisa Nur Baeti, Susanti Sangidah, Irfan Musonif, Kholid Mawardi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-16
publication date: 2026-05-16
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2311
ending page: 2320
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3477

Dialectics of Fasad and Musibah in the Qur'an as Ethical Framework for Anthropogenic Damage
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the concepts of fasad (corruption/damage) and musibah (calamity/disaster) in the Qur’an and their relevance to environmental damage caused by anthropogenic activities. The study focuses on the relationship between human actions, ecological imbalance, and disasters from the perspective of Qur’anic ethics. This research uses a qualitative comparative method through thematic exegesis and content analysis of Qur’anic verses and scientific literature on Islamic environmental ethics. Data were collected through library research and analyzed by grouping concepts related to fasad, musibah, khilafah, and mizan. The findings show that fasad refers to human actions that damage moral, social, and ecological balance, while musibah is understood as the consequence of such damage. The Qur’an also emphasizes human responsibility as khalifah to maintain environmental balance and prevent destruction. This study concludes that the concepts of fasad and musibah provide a relevant Qur’anic environmental ethics framework for understanding contemporary ecological crises and contribute to the development of thematic Qur’anic exegesis and Islamic environmental ethics.
creator: 'Ammar 'Abdulmatin
creator: Ahmad Nurrohim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 'Ammar 'Abdulmatin, Ahmad Nurrohim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-16
publication date: 2026-05-16
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2321
ending page: 2340
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3478

The Balance of Academic, Emotional, and Spiritual Intelligence in the Qur’an (An Analysis of Tafsir Al-Misbah on QS. Al-‘Alaq: 1–5 and QS. Al-Hajj: 46)
type: item
description: This study aims to explore the concept of intelligence from the perspective of the Qur’an by examining its academic, emotional, and spiritual dimensions, as well as their relevance to contemporary life. The research focuses on Surah Al-‘Alaq verses 1–5 as the foundation of intellectual (academic) intelligence, and Surah Al-Hajj verse 46 as the basis for emotional and spiritual intelligence. Employing a qualitative approach, this study is conducted through library research using a thematic (maudhu‘i) interpretation method. The primary sources include the Qur’an and Tafsir Al-Misbah by M. Quraish Shihab, supported by various relevant scholarly works. Data are collected through documentation techniques and analyzed using an inductive method. The findings indicate that the Qur’an presents intelligence as an integrated concept encompassing the intellect (‘aql), the heart (qalb), and the soul (ruh). Achieving balance (tawazun) among these elements is essential for developing a complete individual one who possesses strong character, adaptability, and the ability to navigate modern life in a balanced and harmonious way.
creator: Putri Ega Aulia
creator: Amroeni Drajat
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Ega Aulia, Amroeni Drajat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-16
publication date: 2026-05-16
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2341
ending page: 2354
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3487

The Phenomenon of Presenting the Meaning of Verses in Quranic Content Instagram Review: The Practice of Living the Quran in Generation Z
type: item
description: The development of social media has transformed the way religious messages, including the meaning of Qur’anic verses, are presented and received by Muslim society, especially Generation Z. One of the emerging phenomena is Qur’an review content on Instagram, which presents Qur’anic verses through simple, reflective, and contextual narratives. This study aims to analyze the presentation of Qur’anic meanings in Qur’an review content, examine how Generation Z interprets and responds to the content, and explain the phenomenon within the perspective of living Qur’an in digital space. This research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytic method and reception analysis. The data were collected through documentation techniques in the form of screenshots of 40 Qur’an review contents and audience comments on Instagram. The findings show that the presentation of Qur’anic meanings follows a consistent pattern consisting of life problems, presentation of verses, reflective explanation, internalization of meaning, and reinforcement of messages. Generation Z tends to interpret the content in reflective, emotional, and personal ways by relating the messages to their life experiences. Audience responses include emotional expressions, self-reflection, spiritual expressions, and religious discussions in the comment section. This study demonstrates that Qur’an review content can be understood as a form of digital living Qur’an practice, where the Qur’an is not only understood as a sacred text but also internalized, interpreted, and expressed through digital interaction.
creator: Chindi Sri Hariyati
creator: Amroeni Drajat
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Chindi Sri Hariyati, Amroeni Drajat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-16
publication date: 2026-05-16
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2355
ending page: 2371
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3488

Constructivism Paradigm in Islamic Religious Education
type: item
description: The constructivist paradigm within Islamic Religious Education (PAI) highlights the students' active involvement in forming knowledge through their experiences, reflection, and social interactions. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method, using a literature review approach to examine the integration of constructivism in PAI learning. Findings indicate that the constructivist approach leads PAI education towards a more participatory, contextual, and human-centered path. Students are transformed from passive recipients of information to active creators of meaning through critical and reflective thinking. Teachers take on roles as facilitators and mediators, aiding students in linking religious concepts to everyday reality. This paradigm also aligns with the evolution of new literacies, such as digital, data, and humanistic literacy, required in today’s world, enabling students to assess religious information critically and responsibly. Hence, constructivism in PAI serves as a conduit between traditional Islamic values and the demands of modern education, fostering individuals who are intellectually, spiritually, and socially adept.
creator: Asiana Asiana
creator: Ismarani Junia Putri
creator: Muhammad Irsyad Saifullah
creator: Indah Wigati
creator: Fitri Ovi Yanti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Asiana Asiana, Ismarani Junia Putri, Muhammad Irsyad Saifullah, Indah Wigati, Fitri Ovi Yanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-17
publication date: 2026-05-17
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2372
ending page: 2382
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2910

Integration of Religious Moderation Values in Contemporary Islamic Religious Education Material
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the integration of religious moderation values in contemporary Islamic Religious Education (PAI) materials, their implementation in the learning process, and their implications for students’ religious attitudes. The research employed a qualitative approach with a library research design through a systematic analysis of academic sources published between 2022 and 2026, including accredited journal articles, scholarly books, and curriculum documents. Data were collected through documentation techniques and analyzed using thematic analysis supported by NVivo software to ensure systematic and transparent coding procedures. The findings indicate that the integration of religious moderation values is carried out conceptually, substantively, and structurally within PAI materials. The implementation is reflected in explicit lesson planning, dialogical learning strategies, and authentic assessment addressing both cognitive and affective domains. The integration contributes to strengthening tolerance, enhancing national commitment, and fostering proportional religious understanding among students.
creator: Evi Susanti
creator: Amma Ainun
creator: Rusmaeni Rusmaeni
creator: Ruslan Ruslan
creator: Muslimin Muslimin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Evi Susanti, Amma Ainun, Rusmaeni Rusmaeni, Ruslan Ruslan, Muslimin Muslimin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-17
publication date: 2026-05-17
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2383
ending page: 2396
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3321

Equality in the Qur'an: Analysis of the Interpretation of QS. Ali ʻImran [3]:195 and Its Relevance to Contemporary Gender Discourse
type: item
description: This study departs from the numerous discussions on gender equality that are always echoed by feminists. The discourse on gender equality in contemporary Islamic discourse continues to undergo dynamics, especially when some circles consider that the interpretation of the Qur'an still contains gender bias. Based on considerations of controversy and life context, this study focuses on examining the interpretation of QS. Ali ʻImran {3}: 195 and its relevance to the discourse on gender equality. This study is a pure literature study with primary data from QS. Ali ʻImran {3}: 195. This study also uses documentation data collection techniques and descriptive and content analysis data analysis. The results of this study show that this verse emphasizes that Allah and His Messenger do not discriminate between human deeds based on gender. Both men and women have the same position and status in the eyes of Allah as long as they are believers and are willing to fight in the way of Allah. Allah will give the same reward for their deeds without favoring one gender over another. This is certainly relevant to the gender equality that is being promoted today, that there is no difference between the deeds/actions of men and women. All of them must be valued and given the same appreciation.
creator: Fina Nuriah Rohimatil Umah
creator: Ahmad Isnaeni
creator: Yusuf Baihaqi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Fina Nuriah Rohimatil Umah, Ahmad Isnaeni, Yusuf Baihaqi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-17
publication date: 2026-05-17
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2397
ending page: 2409
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3337

http://al-afkar.com/index.php/Afkar_Journal/article/view/3471
type: item
title: The Effectiveness of Regent Regulation Number 1 of 2019 Concerning the Online Regional Tax System in Tax Collection from a Siyasah dusturiyah Perspective (Case Study: Cipanas Tourist Attraction, Garut Regency)
description: This research is motivated by data on Regional Original Income (PAD) in the hotel and water tourism tax sector in Garut Regency, which still faces various implementation obstacles. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Garut Regent Regulation Number 1 of 2019 concerning the Regional Tax Online System, examine the perceptions of taxpayers and tax officials, and analyze it from a siyasah industrial perspective. The theoretical framework used refers to Soerjono Soekanto's theory of legal effectiveness which includes five main dimensions, namely legal substance, law enforcement, facilities and infrastructure, society, and legal culture and the siyasah industrial theory which emphasizes the principles of trust, justice, and benefit to assess the suitability of a regulation with Islamic legal values. The research method used is empirical juridical with descriptive analysis techniques through the use of secondary data and the results of field interviews. The results show that the implementation of the regional tax Online system is effective in the hotel tax sector, as indicated by the consistency of revenue realization that exceeds the target. Conversely, in the entertainment tax sector which represents water tourism, effectiveness is not optimal. This is proven to increase transparency, reporting accuracy, and monitoring effectiveness. From the perspective of industrial governance, this policy reflects the principles of trust, justice, and welfare, although it still requires strengthening in the aspects of socialization, apparatus capacity, and technological readiness.
creator: Suci Mutiara Insyira
creator: Ija Suntana
creator: Ridwan Eko Prasetyo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Suci Mutiara Insyira, Ija Suntana, Ridwan Eko Prasetyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-17
publication date: 2026-05-17
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2410
ending page: 2423
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3471

Siyasah Maliyah Review of Baznas Position in Zakat Management After the Constitutional Court Decision Number 54/PUU-XXIII/2025
type: item
description: Zakat governance in Indonesia has been institutionally strengthened through Law Number 23 of 2011, which designates the National Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) as the primary authority in national zakat management. This arrangement raises institutional concerns because BAZNAS performs dual roles as both regulator and operator. The debate intensified following Constitutional Court Decision Number 54/PUU-XXIII/2025, which rejected a judicial review petition against BAZNAS’s authority. This study aims to analyze the legal position of BAZNAS in Indonesia’s zakat management system, examine the implications of Constitutional Court Decision Number 54/PUU-XXIII/2025, and assess BAZNAS’s dual functions from the perspective of siyasah maliyah. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and Islamic legal approaches. Data sources include legislation, Constitutional Court decisions, classical Islamic legal literature, and relevant academic journals. The findings reveal that BAZNAS’s dual function is constitutionally valid; however, from the perspective of siyasah maliyah, it requires stronger accountability, transparency, and distributive justice to ensure that zakat governance remains aligned with public welfare principles.
creator: Muhammad Azwar Fajrurrahman
creator: Lutfi Fahrul Rizal
creator: Budi Tresnayadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Azwar Fajrurrahman, Lutfi Fahrul Rizal, Budi Tresnayadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-17
publication date: 2026-05-17
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2424
ending page: 2440
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3472

"Divine Justice and State Law for Corruptors: A Review of Surah Thaha Verses 124–128 in the Asset Confiscation Law"
type: item
description: Corruption is an extraordinary crime that harms society. A draft Asset Confiscation Bill (RUU) has been proposed to confiscate assets obtained from corruption without waiting for a final criminal verdict, but has not been passed due to various obstacles. This study analyzes the relationship between asset confiscation in Islamic law and the interpretation of QS. Thaha: 124–128, specifically the meaning of ma'isyatan dhankan (narrow life) as a consequence for perpetrators of injustice. This study uses a qualitative method with a thematic interpretation approach and normative analysis of Islamic law and Indonesian regulations. The results indicate that asset confiscation is in line with the principle of Islamic justice, where illicit assets must be returned to the community. This study recommends accelerating the ratification of the Asset Confiscation Bill and wider dissemination for its effective implementation in eradicating corruption.
creator: Uus Husni Khoiri
creator: Syarif Hidayat
creator: Muhamad Qomarudin
creator: Tiara Safitri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Uus Husni Khoiri, Syarif Hidayat, Muhamad Qomarudin, Tiara Safitri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2453
ending page: 2462
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2245

Politics in the Formulation of Educational Policy as a Form of Power in Public Policy
type: item
description: This paper is a qualitative study based on literature review that explores the political dynamics in the formulation of education policy as a manifestation of power in public policy. Education is not merely a technical-administrative process, but rather a strategic field where ideological contestation, vested interests, and power hegemony take place. Employing a critical theoretical approach, particularly Michel Foucault’s concept of power-knowledge relations and Antonio Gramsci’s theory of hegemony, this study analyzes how education policies are designed, negotiated, and implemented within non-neutral power structures. The findings reveal that education policy often serves as a legitimizing tool for dominant power, shaping educational narratives, values, and practices aligned with elite interests. The political process involving state actors, political elites, bureaucracies, and international institutions plays a decisive role in directing the trajectory and content of national education policy. Thus, education policy is not merely a public policy product but also a mechanism of power to govern, discipline, and produce citizen-subjects according to specific ideological constructions. This study recommends the cultivation of critical awareness in reading education policymaking processes, so that the resulting policies truly uphold social justice, emancipation, and structural liberation.
creator: Sya’roni
creator: Mulyadi
creator: Masduki Duryat
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sya’roni, Mulyadi, Masduki Duryat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2463
ending page: 2480
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2244

Analysis of the TGT (Games, Games, and Tournament) Model on Aqidah Learning Outcomes in Elementary Schools
type: item
description: Education will enable students to develop understanding, attitudes, and character, including in religious matters. At the elementary school level, Aqidah lessons are the primary foundation for instilling moral and spiritual values. Therefore, a learning method is needed that not only conveys the material but also makes it easier for students to understand and internalize it. One model that is considered effective is Teams, Games, and Tournaments (TGT). This model combines group work, educational games, and tournaments to encourage learning enthusiasm and improve student academic achievement. The aim was to determine the extent to which the TGT model influences Aqidah learning. The results of the study showed enthusiasm and motivation during the student learning process. They more easily understood Aqidah material through group discussions, fun games, and tournaments that encouraged learning enthusiasm in a healthy competitive atmosphere. Compared to conventional methods, the TGT model was able to create more engaging and interactive learning.
creator: Alyza Zulfa
creator: Iqbal Amar Muzaki
creator: Afiyatun Kholifah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Alyza Zulfa, Iqbal Amar Muzaki, Afiyatun Kholifah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2481
ending page: 2485
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2234

Implementation of the Team Quiz Learning Method as a Learning Medium in Schools in Islamic Religious Education (PAI)
type: item
description: Education plays a crucial role in shaping a generation that excels not only intellectually but also possesses noble character. One of its main components is Islamic Religious Education (PAI), which focuses on instilling Islamic values ​​in students' daily lives. However, Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning practices in the field often rely on traditional methods such as lectures and memorization, which lack active student engagement. To address this issue, innovative approaches are needed, one of which is the Team Quiz method. This approach combines group work and quizzes in a competitive yet fun atmosphere, thereby increasing student engagement. Based on literature studies from various sources, Team Quiz is effective in deepening understanding of the material and developing social skills such as cooperation, communication, and responsibility. In the context of Islamic Religious Education, this method helps convey Islamic values ​​in a more applicable and meaningful way. Furthermore, it supports strengthening learning motivation, reducing academic gaps, and strengthening student character. The implementation of Team Quiz also aligns with the demands of 21st-century skills and the principles of the Independent Curriculum, which centers on differentiation and student participation. Teachers act as active facilitators in guiding students to learn independently and collaboratively.
creator: Camila Mulia Ramadhani
creator: Iqbal Amar Muzaki
creator: Afiyatun Kholifah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Camila Mulia Ramadhani, Iqbal Amar Muzaki , Afiyatun Kholifah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2486
ending page: 2493
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2221

Mediation Efforts in Domestic Violence Cases at the Lubuk Linggau City Police Department, Reviewed from Islamic Law and Positive Law
type: item
description: Domestic Violence (DV) constitutes a serious social and legal issue in Indonesia. Domestic violence not only inflicts physical and psychological harm on victims but also undermines the harmony of the household as a fundamental social institution within society. According to Article 1 of Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence, domestic violence is defined as any act against an individual, particularly a woman, that results in physical, sexual, psychological suffering, and/or household neglect. This study employs an empirical juridical (sociological) legal research method, combined with a normative juridical approach. This methodological combination is chosen because the research not only analyzes the applicable written legal regulations (positive law and Islamic law) but also examines how these laws are implemented in practice, specifically in the mediation processes of domestic violence cases within the jurisdiction of the Lubuk Linggau City Police Department. The mediation process in domestic violence cases at the Lubuk Linggau City Police demonstrates a recurring pattern of non-litigation dispute resolution, often pursued under the pretext of familial considerations or social pressure. From the perspective of Islamic law, mediation in domestic conflicts is principally permissible for the purpose of reconciliation and public interest (maslahah), as stipulated in the Qur'an and the practices of the Prophet’s companions. However, Islam also emphasizes the protection of life, dignity, and justice—principles that are integral to the objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah). From the standpoint of positive law, mediation in domestic violence cases is normatively restricted and cannot serve as grounds to terminate legal proceedings. Law Number 23 of 2004, the Chief of Police Regulation Number 8 of 2021, and the Attorney General’s Regulation Number 15 of 2020 explicitly limit the application of restorative justice, particularly in cas…
creator: Jumino
creator: Rifanto Bin Ridwan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jumino, Rifanto Bin Ridwan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2441
ending page: 2452
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2773

Representation of the Female Body and Sexuality in the Book Fathul Izar by KH. Abdullah Fauzi: A Study of Andrea Dworkin's Radical Feminism
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the representation of women's bodies and sexuality in KH. Abdullah Fauzi's book Fathul Izar through the perspective of Andrea Dworkin's radical feminism. Specifically, this study aims to uncover how the text functions as an instrument of patriarchal control that reduces women to sexual objects and perpetuates a system of subordination in the private sphere. The method used is qualitative with a content analysis design through a critical-interpretive approach. Radical feminist theory was chosen because it views sexuality as an arena of male domination, where women's bodies are defined based on their physical utility. Data were collected through a literature review of the main text of Fathul Izar and related academic literature. The results show that women's bodies are represented subordinately as reproductive objects through the metaphor of "fields" (harts), objects of male sexual pleasure, and biological instruments classified based on physical characteristics or intuition. The discussion reveals the practice of "sacralization of subordination," where prayer rituals and instructions on sexual positions are used to legitimize male control and rob women of their agency. This text positions men as active subjects and women as passive objects deprived of the right to define their own bodily boundaries. This study concludes that Fathul Izar functions as a patriarchal biopolitical instrument that normalizes the total objectification of women. Through a radical reading, this text is deconstructed to encourage a more just and emancipatory reinterpretation of Islamic intellectual heritage for the dignity of women as whole human beings.
creator: Muhammad Mugni Ulum
creator: Maman Abdul Djaliel
creator: Rohanda Rohanda
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Mugni Ulum, Maman Abdul Djaliel, Rohanda Rohanda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-21
publication date: 2026-05-21
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2494
ending page: 2515
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3503

The Constitutional Court's Authority to Adjudicate Disputes Over Regional Head Election Results (Pilkada) Following MK Decision No. 85/PUU-XX/2022: A Siyasah Qadhaiyyah Perspective
type: item
description: Regional head election disputes require a constitutionally stable resolution mechanism. This study aims to analyze the shift in the Constitutional Court's authority following Decision Number 85/PUU-XX/2022 and its implications for legal certainty and separation of powers through a Siyasah Qadhaiyyah perspective. A normative juridical method was applied through analysis of legislation, court decisions, and Islamic constitutional law literature. The study finds that the decision permanently establishes the Court's authority over Pilkada disputes, yet produces jurisprudential inconsistency by reinterpreting constitutional norms without formal amendment, risking legal uncertainty and judicial overreach. In conclusion, from a Siyasah Qadhaiyyah perspective, this expansion deviates from the principles of justice, trustworthiness, and balance of power, necessitating a more consistent and accountable regulatory framework.
creator: Annisa D Putri Ramansyah
creator: Bobang Noorisnan Pelita
creator: Taufiq Alamsyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Annisa D Putri Ramansyah, Bobang Noorisnan Pelita, Taufiq Alamsyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-21
publication date: 2026-05-21
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2516
ending page: 2529
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3504

Perceptions of Prospective Ire Teachers in the IPAI Study Program at UPI Regarding the Future Careers of Islamic Education Teachers in the Modern Era
type: item
description: The modern era has brought significant changes to the world of education. Teachers are the forefront of changing social dynamics, as they are required to possess comprehensive competencies in facing modern developments and progressive social dynamics. This should be used as a study material in building positive perceptions of prospective professional teachers in facing the dynamics of modern society, especially prospective Islamic Religious Education (IRE) teachers. This study aims to describe and analyze the perceptions of prospective Islamic Religious Education (IRE) students in the UPI Science and Islamic Studies Study Program regarding the future careers of IRE teachers in the modern era. This type of research is quantitative descriptive with convenience sampling technique. Data collection was in the form of a Likert-scale questionnaire on IPAI students class of 2022-2023. This study used statistical tools in the form of average value, standard deviation, minimum value, and maximum value. The results of the study revealed that the perception of prospective Islamic Education teacher students in terms of the competency standards that teachers must have, namely: pedagogical competence, there are 68% of student perceptions of Very High, personality competence 69% in the same category, social competence 66%, professional competence 71% and one specific competency for Islamic Education teachers, namely religious competence, at 67%. Thus, this study recommends that the IPAI UPI Study Program can ensure the readiness of prospective Islamic Education teacher students to become competent and professional teachers.
creator: Rosmayati Rosmayati
creator: Syahidin Syahidin
creator: Agus Fakhruddin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rosmayati Rosmayati, Syahidin Syahidin, Agus Fakhruddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-21
publication date: 2026-05-21
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2530
ending page: 2548
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3533

The Effect of Discipline on Learning Independence and Learning Motivation of Fourth Grade Students at MI Miftahul Huda Rawasan Jenu Academic Year 2025/2026
type: item
description: This research is motivated by the importance of discipline in enhancing student independence and motivation in elementary schools. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of discipline on learning independence and motivation in fourthgrade students at MI Miftahul Huda Rawasan Jenu in the 2025/2026 academic year. This study used a quantitative approach with a correlational approach. The population in this study was all 30 fourth-grade students at MI Miftahul Huda Rawasan Jenu. Data collection techniques used questionnaires and documentation. Data analysis was conducted through normality tests, linearity tests, multicollinearity tests, Pearson correlation tests, and simple linear regression tests using SPSS. The results showed that discipline had a positive and significant effect on student learning independence, with a significance value of 0.015 < 0.05 and an R-square value of 0.194. Discipline contributed 19.4% to student learning independence. In addition, discipline also has a positive and significant effect on student learning motivation with a significance value of 0.015 < 0.05 and an R Square value of 0.193, so that discipline has a 19.3% effect on student learning motivation. Thus, the higher the level of student discipline, the higher the student's independence and learning motivation.
creator: Nurkholifah Nurkholifah
creator: Ziana Dhurrotul Ainiyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nurkholifah Nurkholifah, Ziana Dhurrotul Ainiyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-21
publication date: 2026-05-21
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2549
ending page: 2559
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3552

Strategic Planning in Educational Organization at Dahniar Public Elementary School, Bandung Regency (Qualitative Descriptive Study at Dahniar Public Elementary School, Bandung Regency)
type: item
description: Strategic planning in educational organizations is a process that helps institutions determine long-term goals, analyze internal and external factors, and develop steps to achieve these goals. This planning is important to ensure the adaptability and effectiveness of educational institutions in the face of environmental changes, especially in the digital era. This article discusses the definition, process, benefits and challenges of strategic planning in educational organizations. With a comprehensive approach, strategic planning helps educational organizations to adapt to technological innovations and the changing needs of society. Strategic planning is an important component in effective school management, which aims to achieve the vision and mission that have been set. This scientific work examines innovations in strategic planning as an effort to align the school's vision and mission with the needs of the school organization. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach in several schools that have implemented innovation-based strategic planning. The results show that innovations in strategic planning, such as the application of information technology and the participatory involvement of all school elements, can strengthen the alignment between the vision, mission and organizational needs. Thus, these innovations can improve operational efficiency and build an organizational culture that is adaptive to change. In conclusion, innovation in strategic planning not only clarifies the direction and goals of the school, but also supports the creation of a more dynamic learning environment that is responsive to future challenges.
creator: Dhita Annisa Fauzia
creator: Dina Hairun Nissa
creator: Hilman Farouq Ghoer
creator: Helmawati Helmawati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dhita Annisa Fauzia, Dina Hairun Nissa, Hilman Farouq Ghoer, Helmawati Helmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-23
publication date: 2026-05-23
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2560
ending page: 2573
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2149

Implementation of the Learning Program at the PGRI One-Roof Kindergarten Neglasari, Sukabumi Regency
type: item
description: This study aims to determine the implementation of the learning program in TK pgri satu atap neglasari. In detail, the objectives of this study are: (1) to determine the preparation of learning programs/plans, (2) to determine the implementation of learning programs, (3) to determine the evaluation of learning. This study uses a qualitative method, which reveals the data in the form of words from the informants and the objects studied as they are. To answer the research objectives, the data collection techniques in this study used interviews, observations, and document studies. While the analysis technique used is data reduction, data exposure and drawing conclusions. Then the data assurance technique consists of triangulation (cross checking), between methods and triangulation of data between informants. The implementation of the teaching program in TK pgri Satap Neglasari was carried out by three teachers as informants and observing 22 students in class B. There were three findings of this study, namely: First; The preparation of the learning program at the Pelangi Kualuh Hulu Kindergarten in Labura Regency has been prepared by the principal together with the teachers, as evidenced by the daily learning implementation plan, daily learning activity schedule, which also found support for the 4-day RPPH document. Second; The implementation of learning takes place in two study groups class A and class B which are managed by two teachers and one principal with pre-learning activities, initial learning activities, core learning activities, and closing activities. Third; learning evaluation is carried out at the closing time allocation as the final process to assess the student's achievement of the competencies specified as in the lesson plan.
creator: Ely Yeni Hadiansyah
creator: Nia Dewi Srikandi
creator: Juriah
creator: Ela
creator: Ende sujana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ely Yeni Hadiansyah, Nia Dewi Srikandi, Juriah, Ela, Ende sujana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-23
publication date: 2026-05-23
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2574
ending page: 2588
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2151

Early Childhood Development at TK Aisyiyah Kindergarten: Problems and Solutions
type: item
description: This research intends to examine the problematics and its solutions in early childhood developmental (AUD) at TK Aisyiyah jampang kulon. This study uses a qualitative approach with type of case study. The collecting data uses observation, interview and documentation. While data analysis uses data reduction, data presentation and verification. The results of research that early childhood education is primal period and only comes one time and can’t be repeated. Teachers and parents are obliged to behold physical development of the child, both teachers and parents efforts to stimulate for children. Therefore, as parents must be understand growing and developmental cognitive and psychomotor of their children, and also should understand what children need according to their age, without having forces or violence.
creator: Kiki Zakiah
creator: Susanti
creator: Tini Febriyanti
creator: Herawati Fiqriani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kiki Zakiah, Susanti, Tini Febriyanti, Herawati Fiqriani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-23
publication date: 2026-05-23
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2589
ending page: 2601
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2152

Instilling Authentic Character Education in Islamic Cultural History Subjects at the Madrasah Aliyah Level
type: item
description: This research aimed to instil authentic character education within the Islamic Cultural History course at the Islamic Senior High School (Aliyah) level. The hope is that students will become creative and independent individuals, able to contextualise each material from the Islamic Cultural History course into their own lives, according to their own needs. In its implementation, the research employed a qualitative descriptive method with a phenomenological approach. For data analysis, the Miles and Huberman theory, which consists of four stages data collection, data condensation, data display, and data verification was implemented. The results indicate that the instillation of authentic character education in the Islamic Cultural History course at the Islamic Senior High School (Madrasah Aliyah) level is found through several aspects: first, efforts to establish interaction between educators and students; second, the empowerment of learning methods aligned with efforts to develop students' authentic character; third, efforts to involve students in learning activities; and fourth, emphasizing students' contextualization of the Islamic Cultural History course material within their daily lives.
creator: Fani Azfar
creator: Ahmad Barizi
creator: Muhammad In'am Esha
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Fani Azfar, Ahmad Barizi, Muhammad In'am Esha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-23
publication date: 2026-05-23
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2602
ending page: 2615
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2153

Tracing the Culture of Science in the Islamic Tradition in Melayu-Nusantara (Islamization Offers in the Wan Nor Mohd Wan Daud Framework)
type: item
description: This article analyzes the efforts to realize the discourse of the Islamization of Contemporary Science. The researcher explores Wan Daud's ideas on the intellectual and cultural traditions of Islamic science in the Malay-Nusantara archipelago by attempting to analyze the relevant Islamization framework to address the problems of globalization and secularization. The flow of globalization has the potential to obscure and shape the identity bias of a civilization. This runs in accordance with the spirit of Eurocentrism which has a truth-claim neutral attitude towards the nature of knowledge, but on the other hand, it actually strengthens the secularization process, thus impacting Western superiority. This problem is also felt by the Malay-Nusantara civilization. Currently, it faces significant challenges due to the influence of secularization and modernity under the heading of globalization, especially on aspects of culture and intellectual traditions. In this context, the idea of Islamization emerges as a potential solution to overcome the problems faced by Muslims in this century. Islamization consists of two main processes: self-liberation and self-return (devolution) to the natural nature of humanity which is their origin. Based on the above discourse on Islamization, the researcher observes that Wan Daud understands the context of Malay-Nusantara Islamization as a transformative effort encompassing various aspects, from theology and religious dogma to culture, thought, and civilization. This research observes that Wan Daud's framework emphasizes the liberation of reason and the restructuring of thought through language and science, with the ultimate goal of returning to one's natural state. Within this framework, Islamization is not merely viewed as a religious adaptation to modernity, but rather as an effort to renew and revitalize the intellectual culture of Muslims, making it a foundation for developing a just and civilized civilization in accordance with the …
creator: Mohammad Djaya Aji Bima Sakti
creator: Muhammad Iqbal Fahlevi Ibnu Ahmad
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammad Djaya Aji Bima Sakti, Muhammad Iqbal Fahlevy Ibnu Ahmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-26
publication date: 2026-05-26
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2616
ending page: 2630
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2324

Implementation of Rewards and Punishments in Strengthening Students' Integrity Character in PPKn Learning at MI Al-Hidayah Gesikharjo Tuban
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the implementation of operant conditioning theory through a reward and punishment system on the integrity character of third-grade students in Civics (PPKn) at MI Al-Hidayah Gesikharjo Tuban in the 2025/2026 academic year. This research employed a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research subjects consisted of 20 third-grade students. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics through normality test, homogeneity test, and paired sample t-test. The results showed that the implementation of the reward and punishment system in Civics learning was able to bring positive behavioral changes in students, especially in aspects of discipline, responsibility, and honesty The paired sample t-test showed a significance value of 0.811 > 0.05, indicating that there was no statistically significant difference between the pretest and posttest results. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the implementation of operant conditioning theory through a reward and punishment system descriptively supports the strengthening of students’ integrity character, but has not shown a statistically significant effect. Therefore, the development of integrity character requires continuous habituation, role modeling, and reinforcement both in the school and family environments.
creator: Eka Nur Hidayatin
creator: Akhmad Aji Pradana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eka Nur Hidayatin, Akhmad Aji Pradana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-26
publication date: 2026-05-26
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2631
ending page: 2642
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3560

Utilization of Digital Information Systems in Improving the Quality of Al-Qur’an Memorization (Case Study of Grade 1 Students of Al-Amien Prenduan Sumenep Middle School of Al-Qur’an Memorization 2026)
type: item
description: This research was conducted to examine the use of digital information systems to improve the quality of Quran memorization in junior high school students. The background of this research is based on the demands of Quran memorization educational institutions to adapt digital technology as a supporting instrument for learning and monitoring Quran memorization. The purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of digital information systems, describe their implementation by Quran memorization administrators and student guardians, and identify supporting and inhibiting factors in improving the quality of Quran memorization in first-grade junior high school students. This research used a qualitative approach with a case study approach. Data collection techniques included in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted interactively through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions using triangulation techniques to ensure data validity. The results indicate that digital information systems play a role in increasing transparency, the effectiveness of memorization monitoring, and the involvement of student guardians. However, optimizing their use still faces obstacles such as limited digital literacy, technology access, and system stability. This study confirms that the integration of digital information systems with tahfizh learning management and Islamic boarding school culture is able to improve the quality of tahfizh Al-Qur’an in a sustainable manner.
creator: Haidar Rifqi Ghassany
creator: Ghozi Mubarok
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Haidar Rifqi Ghassany, Ghozi Mubarok https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-28
publication date: 2026-05-28
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2643
ending page: 2654
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3495

Islamic Psychology Approach Based on Edupreneurship Values in Increasing Student Learning Engagement in Islamic Religious Education (Case Study at MTs 2 Annuqayah Guluk-Guluk Sumenep 2026)
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the implementation of an Islamic psychology approach based on edupreneurship values by teachers in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning at MTs 2 Annuqayah Guluk-Guluk Sumenep. It also identifies the forms of student learning engagement (behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement) and the supporting and inhibiting factors. The focus is on the application of the Islamic psychology approach, the forms of student engagement, and the supporting and inhibiting factors. This study used a qualitative case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with five key informants and 15 supporting informants, observations in two classes, grade VIII, and documentation conducted during December 2025. Data validity was maintained through triangulation of sources and techniques. The results indicate that the Islamic psychology approach based on edupreneurship is implemented as a holistic, integrative, and transformative learning approach. This approach successfully increased student learning engagement in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning at MTs 2 Annuqayah Guluk-Guluk.
creator: Suhairi Suhairi
creator: Musleh Wahid
creator: Muhtadi Abdul Mun’in
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Suhairi Suhairi, Musleh Wahid, Muhtadi Abdul Mun’in https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-28
publication date: 2026-05-28
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2655
ending page: 2680
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3496

http://al-afkar.com/index.php/Afkar_Journal/article/view/3508
type: item
title: Management of Islamic Boarding Schools and the Role of Islamic Boarding School Residents (Case Study at the Nurul Anwar Islamic Boarding School, Karduluk Village, Pragaan District, Sumenep Regency, 2026)
description: Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah plays a strategic role in shaping the character and religious understanding of students (students). The sustainability and quality of Madrasah Diniyah implementation are greatly influenced by the ability of the institution's management to manage the roles of all members of the Madrasah community, including the principal, teachers, guardians, and the community. This study aims to describe and analyze Madrasah Diniyah management in managing the roles of members of the Madrasah community at Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Nurul Anwar Karduluk, Sumenep Regency. This research used a qualitative approach with a case study approach. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation. Research subjects included the Madrasah principal, teachers, guardians, and other relevant parties. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, with data validity tested using source and technique triangulation. The results indicate that Madrasah Diniyah management in managing the roles of members of the Madrasah community is implemented through four management functions: planning, organizing, implementing, and monitoring. Planning is carried out in a participatory manner, involving members of the Madrasah community. The organization of roles is tailored to the competencies and conditions of each madrasah member. Role implementation is quite effective, despite limited facilities and resources. Internal supervision is conducted by the madrasah principal through evaluation of learning activities and madrasah programs. This study concludes that participatory management contributes positively to the sustainability and effectiveness of madrasah diniyah management.
creator: Hafi Hafi
creator: Ghozi Mubarok
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hafi Hafi, Ghozi Mubarok https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-28
publication date: 2026-05-28
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2681
ending page: 2692
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3508

Da’wah as Moral Presence: Reframing Multicultural Da‘wah through the Ethics of ‘Ibad Al-Rahman
type: item
description: In Muslim-majority yet religiously plural societies, da‘wah increasingly unfolds within multicultural and digitally mediated public arenas where its social and ethical consequences are closely scrutinized. Although recent scholarship on digital da‘wah has generated important insights into media adaptation and audience engagement, it often conceptualizes da‘wah instrumentally, prioritizing visibility and communicative efficacy over ethical formation. This article reframes da‘wah as moral presence, understood as ethics-centered communication grounded in embodied character, relational restraint, and public responsibility. Employing the Qur’anic moral figure of ʿIbad al-Rahman as a conceptual lens, the study develops a normative framework that foregrounds ethical subjectivity as integral to communicative effectiveness in plural contexts. Rather than offering textual exegesis, the article synthesizes empirical findings on digitally mediated preaching, intercultural sensitivity, and religious personality with normative discourses on harmony and moderation. It argues that da‘wah attains public legitimacy not through persuasion alone, but through the moral comportment of the da‘i as a public ethical actor.
creator: Sumadi Sumadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sumadi Sumadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2693
ending page: 2708
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3292

Optimizing Educational Facilities to Improve the Quality of Learning at the Daarul Ishlah Assyafi'iyah Islamic Boarding School
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the availability of educational facilities and their role in improving the quality of teaching and learning at the Daarul Ishlah Assyafi'iyah Islamic Boarding School in Sungai Loban District, Tanah Bumbu Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation of 9 informants selected by purposive sampling. The results of the study indicate that the Daarul Ishlah Assyafi'iyah Islamic Boarding School has provided 13 types of educational facilities, including classrooms, dormitories, UKS, OSDIA rooms, mosques/prayer rooms, toilets, bathrooms, computer laboratories, teachers' rooms, cottage kitchens, canteens, communal dining areas, and fields. In general, the facilities are in good condition, although there are still some limitations, such as the lack of fans in classrooms, the less than optimal function of the UKS, and the existence of damaged bathrooms. Educational facilities play a crucial role in improving the quality of learning, as identified in five dimensions: as enablers of the learning process, as vehicles for character development in students, as motivators for learning, as supporters of innovative learning methods, and as supporters of the holistic development of students. Therefore, optimizing educational facilities through effective and sustainable management is a crucial factor in improving the quality of teaching and learning in Islamic boarding schools.
creator: Hilal Solikin
creator: Desi Fitriyani
creator: Martina Zulpiani
creator: Febi Oktaviani
creator: Putri Husnul Amanatus sholeha
creator: Amalia Maimunah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hilal Solikin, Desi Fitriyani, Martina Zulpiani, Febi Oktaviani, Putri Husnul Amanatus sholeha, Amalia Maimunah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2709
ending page: 2720
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3510

The Beauty of Qur’anic Rhetoric: A Synaesthetic Metaphor Analysis in Surah Al-Waqi’ah
type: item
description: The Qur’an not only conveys normative teachings but also presents an aesthetic linguistic dimension that functions to construct readers’ spiritual experience. One of the key aspects in Qur’anic stylistic studies is synaesthetic metaphor, namely the transfer of sensory perception across different senses used to concretize abstract concepts. This study aims to identify the forms of synaesthetic metaphors in Surah Al-Waqi’ah and to analyze their rhetorical functions in constructing readers’ visual, emotional, and spiritual experiences. This research employs a qualitative approach using a library research method. Primary data are derived from the text of Surah Al-Waqi’ah, while secondary data are obtained from relevant literature in tafsir, Arabic rhetoric (balaghah), stylistics, and previous studies. Data analysis is conducted through identification, classification, and interpretation of linguistic meaning. The findings indicate that synaesthetic metaphors in Surah Al-Waqi’ah operate through sensory transfers involving sight, touch, and taste, thereby transforming eschatological concepts into more concrete experiential representations. Rhetorically, these metaphors enhance imaginative power, intensify emotional response, and strengthen spiritual awareness. Thus, synaesthetic metaphor functions not only as an aesthetic linguistic device but also as a communicative instrument in conveying the theological messages of the Qur’an.
creator: Farhatul Maulidya
creator: Rifqatul Husna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Farhatul Maulidya, Rifqatul Husna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-02
publication date: 2026-06-02
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2721
ending page: 2733
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3531

The Impact of Mobile Phone Use on Student Learning Achievement Results in the Subject of Aqidah Akhlak at MI Al Mujahidin, Satui District, Tanah Bumbu Regency
type: item
description: This research is based on the formulation of the problem, namely, what are the impacts of mobile phone use on student learning achievement at MI Al Mujahidin, Satui District, Tanah Bumbu Regency and what factors influence the learning achievement of students at MI Al Mujahidin, Satui District, Tanah Bumbu Regency. In this study, the subjects were sixth grade students at MI Al Mujahidin, Satui District, Tanah Bumbu Regency, totaling eleven students, while the object of this study was the impact of mobile phone use on the learning outcomes of sixth grade students in the subject of Aqidah Akhlak at MI Al Mujahidin, Satui District, Tanah Bumbu Regency. In collecting this data, the author used qualitative methods, data collection techniques with interviews, observation and documentation. While data processing techniques with editing and qualification techniques. So the results of this study are, the impact of mobile phone use does not have a negative effect on student learning achievement, even students are responsible for completing assignments and homework given by teachers on time and getting good grades. And the factors that support students to achieve are environmental factors and support from parents as the first educators and also as people close to the students.
creator: Muhammad Bahrudin
creator: Lutfia Intan Cahyani
creator: Khofifah Indar Parawansa
creator: Usnul Mukarramah Syam
creator: Lina Syakira
creator: Melvi Maulida
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Bahrudin, Lutfia Intan Cahyani, Khofifah Indar Parawansa, Usnul Mukarramah Syam, Lina Syakira, Melvi Maulida https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2734
ending page: 2743
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3562

Islamic Law Review on the Role of Gampong in Resolving Adultery Cases in North Aceh
type: item
description: This study examines the role of Gampong customary institutions in resolving adultery cases in North Aceh and analyzes their conformity with Islamic criminal law as regulated in Aceh Qanun No. 6 of 2014 concerning Islamic Criminal Code. The research employs a qualitative method using normative and empirical legal approaches. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and focus group discussions conducted in three Gampongs: Meunasah Blang, Paya Leupah, and Keude Krueng. The findings reveal that Gampong institutions function not only as local administrative structures but also as socio-religious mechanisms for maintaining public morality, social harmony, and communal order. The settlement of adultery cases at the village level emphasizes deliberation, mediation, moral guidance, and restorative justice rather than punitive measures. The study further demonstrates that customary settlements are generally applied in cases categorized as khalwat or moral misconduct that do not fulfill the evidentiary requirements of zina under Islamic law. However, cases considered to meet the legal elements of jarimah are referred to the Wilayatul Hisbah and subsequently processed through the Sharia Court. This research concludes that the interaction between customary law and formal Sharia law in North Aceh reflects a dynamic model of legal pluralism that integrates Islamic values, local wisdom, and social restoration in resolving moral offenses.
creator: Mizaj Iskandar Usman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mizaj Iskandar Usman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2744
ending page: 2756
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3563

The Sovereignty of Ulama in Cyberspace: Reconstruction of Ahlul Halli Wal 'Aqdi in the Epistemology of E-Voting
type: item
description: Massive digital transformation is driving a fundamental redefinition of the global landscape of Islamic religious authority. However, classical Islamic legal tradition establishes physical presence (al-hudur al-jismani) as a primary prerequisite for the legitimacy of collective decision-making (Ahlul Halli wal ‘Aqdi). This library research using a qualitative-interpretive and interdisciplinary approach aims to reconstruct these normative boundaries to make them compatible with the needs of e-voting in the cyber era. The results of the hermeneutic analysis indicate that the requirement for physical presence in classical texts is instrumental to ensure the quality of deliberation, not the primary objective of sharia (maqashidi primer). Therefore, this article proposes a reconstruction of the concept of deliberative presence (al-hudur al-ta’amuli) as a legitimate constitutive substitute through the mechanism of qiyas ma’na. As a procedural implementation, a three-phase e-voting model is formulated: Pre-Deliberation (At-Tahdhir), Structured Deliberation (Al-Musyawarah Al-Murahhala), and Crystallization & Preferendum (Al-Instijma’ Al-Murahhab). Through comparative analysis, this study finds a systemic epistemological gap in pragmatic digital practices in the MUI, Nahdlatul Ulama, and OIC due to the absence of asynchronous rebuttal mechanisms (ta’qib), open argument logs, and layered preferences. Internal validation confirms that this model is fully compatible with the maqasid al-shari'ah in the aspects of protecting religion, reason, property, and honor, and partially compatible in the dimension of protecting descendants (hifzh al-nasl) which is addressed through the recommendations of the digital sanad protocol. This research provides theoretical contributions as well as practical prescriptions for the governance of global fatwa institutions to be technologically agile without sacrificing the epistemological integrity of Islamic law.
creator: Mohammad Sahrul Tihun
creator: Risno Ibrahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammad Sahrul Tihun, Risno Ibrahim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2757
ending page: 2776
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3577

Financial Readiness for Family Resilience
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the role of financial readiness in strengthening family resilience in Indonesia through the perspective of national development law and Maqasid Sharia. The research employed a normative legal method using conceptual and statutory approaches. Data were collected through library research from legislation, scientific journals, academic books, and macroeconomic data published by Statistics Indonesia and the Financial Services Authority. The results indicate that financial readiness has a close relationship with family resilience because it affects the economic, psychological, and social stability of households. Financial literacy, cash flow management, emergency funds, investment, and financial protection are important factors in maintaining family sustainability amid economic instability. In addition, the concept of financial readiness is closely related to the principle of Hifz al-Mal in Maqasid Sharia as a form of protection for family economic sustainability. Therefore, strengthening financial readiness can become an important strategy for developing independent and sustainable families.
creator: Muhammad Iqbal
creator: Muhammad Zainuddin Sunarto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Zainuddin Sunarto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-02
publication date: 2026-06-02
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2777
ending page: 2789
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3482

The Human Caliphate: An Analysis of Gender Equality between Men and Women
type: item
description: Man is a perfect being created by the Lord as a filling and casting agent to accomplish the task which he has been given. Human beings as caliph are so often misunderstood by most people. Most people misinterpret the concept of human caliph itself, assuming that man as a caliph is directed toward men as a woman. Such efficiency would certainly violate the very definition of caliphate. Since the qur 'an and the mufastors were clearly not claimed that the caliph was directed to men only. We reflect to the qur 'an that in every verse it is mentioned, there is no reference to caliph towards men only, because all the caliph words that are in general meaning, do not point to a single gender. From here it must be understood, that human beings as caliph are addressed to all male and female sexes. Because humans are defined by men and women. There's no text that humans are just men. It is this understanding that needs to be clarified and explained, as in this infamy will provide a description that man as the caliph is addressed to men and women.
creator: Muhammad Saukani
creator: Khairul Fuadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Saukani, Khairul Fuadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-03
publication date: 2026-06-03
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2790
ending page: 2806
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3411

Beyond Taharah: Integrative Interpretation of QS Al-Baqarah 2:222 in Biology, Psychology, Spirituality
type: item
description: QS. Al-Baqarah [2]: 222 discusses menstruation through the concept of adha, the prohibition of sexual intercourse, and regulations of cleanliness until a state of purity is attained. In the classical exegesis of al-Qurtubi, this verse is understood within the normative-legal framework of fiqh al-taharah, thereby confining its meaning predominantly to ritual jurisprudential rulings. Such an approach reveals limitations in interpreting menstruation as a multidimensional phenomenon that also encompasses biological and psychological aspects. This study is a library-based research employing an integrative thematic exegesis approach, combining linguistic analysis, al-Qurtubi’s tafsir, and relevant biological and psychological literature. The findings indicate that adha refers to biological disruption and physical-emotional discomfort, rather than merely “impurity”. The phrase fa’tazilu is also understood as a protective restriction of sexual relations, rather than social isolation. The integrative analysis demonstrates that menstruation represents the unity of physiological, psychological, and spiritual dimensions. Thus, the verse is not solely normative-legal in nature, but also contains protective, relational, and reflective meanings in understanding women’s bodily experience in a more holistic manner
creator: Putri Yasmin Nurul Azizah Tandean
creator: Jihan Kharisma Hidayatulloh
creator: Ahmad Nurrohim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Yasmin Nurul Azizah Tandean, Jihan Kharisma Hidayatulloh, Ahmad Nurrohim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-03
publication date: 2026-06-03
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2807
ending page: 2819
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3499

Analysis of Regional Budget Realization against PSAP No. 02 in the Effectiveness of the Financial Report of the Surakarta City DPRD Secretariat (Analysis from an Islamic Worldview)
type: item
description: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of budget management and reporting at the Surakarta City DPRD Secretariat for the 2023–2024 period. This study focuses on the application of government accounting standards in recording financial reports, the conformity between the planned budget and its realization, and the identification of the types and causes of budget deviations that arise. In addition, the study also examines the extent to which the budget is used effectively in supporting the implementation of institutional tasks and functions. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection through triangulation techniques, which include in-depth interviews, non-participatory observation, and documentation studies of the Budget Realization Report (LRA) and Notes to the Financial Statements (CaLK). Data were obtained from key informants who have direct responsibility in the process of preparing and evaluating financial reports.
creator: Divandra Putri Etaprisastia
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Divandra Putri Etaprisastia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-06
publication date: 2026-06-06
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2820
ending page: 2834
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2312

State Responsibility in Implementing Bandung City Regional Regulation Number 24 of 2012 concerning the Implementation and Handling of Social Welfare from the Siyasah Maliyah Perspective
type: item
description: Philanthropic funds have the potential to address welfare disparities in society. Fund collection mechanisms have evolved alongside technological advancements. The Bandung City Social Welfare Office issued a policy on the management of money or goods through Bandung City Regional Regulation Number 24 of 2012 concerning the Organization and Handling of Social Welfare. This study will examine the implementation that occurs in society engaging in fundraising activities. This research is qualitative and falls under empirical juridical research. The approach used is statutory with a descriptive method. Data for the study are sourced from observations, interviews, and literature studies of legislation, books, journals, and other documents. The findings of this research are as follows: First, there is a gap between existing legal regulations and practices in the field, especially regarding supervision of the implementation of fundraising activities. Second, the impact of the Bandung City Social Welfare Office's performance and the implementation of fundraising activities in general can improve the welfare index, but there are still many areas that need improvement. Third, Bandung City Regional Regulation Number 24 of 2012 was created as a form of state responsibility (mas’uliyyah ad-daulah). The Bandung City Government provides social guarantees in two forms. First, providing ample opportunities for productive activities and providing direct cash assistance.
creator: Dewi Sulastri
creator: Listyani Effendi
creator: M Yahya Wahyudin
creator: Abu Sanmas
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Sulastri, Listyani Effendi, M Yahya Wahyudin, Abu Sanmas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-06
publication date: 2026-06-06
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2835
ending page: 2847
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3479

Semantic Imprecision in the 2019 Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs' Qur'an Translation: An Asbab al-Nuzul, Lexicographical, and Classical Tafsir Analysis of QS an-Nur [24]: 26
type: item
description: The 2019 Revised Edition of the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs' Qur'an translation occupies a central place in shaping the religious understanding of Indonesian Muslims, so that each of its lexical choices carries wide consequences. This article examines a problem that has not been systematically addressed in the existing critique of the official translation, namely the mismatch between the asbab al-nuzul context and the chosen translational equivalents. The problem is illustrated through a single, highly representative case: QS an-Nur [24]: 26, revealed within the episode of the Hadith al-Ifk. This is a qualitative library research that applies a layered analytical model integrating classical asbab al-nuzul reports (al-Wahidi and al-Suyuti), classical Arabic lexicography (al-Raghib, Ibn Manzur, Ibn Faris), and classical exegesis (al-Tabari, al-Zamakhshari, al-Razi, Ibn Kathir, al-Qurtbi). The findings show that the Ministry renders al-khabithat lil-khabithin in a literal-biological sense (“wicked women for wicked men”), whereas the intratextual context and the majority of classical exegetes support the al-kalimat reading (“evil speech befits evil people”). The literal rendering severs the verse from the slander episode that occasioned its revelation and shifts its message from the domain of speech to that of marriage. The study concludes that, although the 2019 translation remains commendable, this verse requires either an interpretive (tafsiriyah) strategy or an optimisation of historical-contextual footnotes. Theoretically, the article proposes asbab al-nuzul as an operational parameter for evaluating Qur'anic translation.
creator: Mutaqillah Ahmad
creator: Ahmad Nur Fathoni
creator: Kharis Nugroho
creator: Andri Nirwana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mutaqillah Ahmad, Ahmad Nur Fathoni, Kharis Nugroho, Andri Nirwana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-06
publication date: 2026-06-06
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2848
ending page: 2859
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3592

The Interpretation of Qs Al-Mujadalah [58]: 11 on Knowledge and Faith According to Fakhruddin Al-Razi and Muhammad Izzat Darwazah
type: item
description: The study of knowledge and faith in Islam holds great urgency, especially in understanding how both serve as key factors in elevating a Muslim’s rank. Surah Al-Mujadalah [58]:11 affirms that Allah raises the ranks of those who believe and those endowed with knowledge. This study aims to examine the interpretation of the verse from the perspectives of Fakhruddin al-Razi in Mafatih al-Ghaib and Muhammad Izzat Darwazah in At-Tafsir al-Hadith, in order to understand the meaning of believers and the knowledgeable, as well as the concept of “ascending in rank in the sight of Allah” as explained in classical and modern exegesis. This research employs a comparative method through a library research approach. The results show that both al-Razi and Darwazah agree that faith is not merely verbal acknowledgment, but must be realized through concrete actions. However, al-Razi emphasizes the hierarchical relationship between knowledge and levels of faith, where deeper knowledge leads to higher spiritual attainment. Meanwhile, Darwazah highlights the social dimension of faith and knowledge through ethics, manners, and social practice in communal life. These differences indicate that classical and modern exegesis possess distinct interpretative orientations in understanding the relationship between knowledge and faith in QS Al-Mujadalah [58]: 11.
creator: Fatimah Az Zahra
creator: Ahmad Nurrahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Fatimah Az Zahra, Ahmad Nurrahim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-10
publication date: 2026-06-10
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2860
ending page: 2871
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.2393

Analysis of the Level of Public Trust in Zakat Management by Laziznu Metro City Through Partnership with BMT Artha Buana Metro
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the level of public trust in zakat management by LAZISNU Metro City and to determine the role of the partnership between LAZISNU Metro City and BMT Artha Buana Metro in improving the effectiveness of zakat management. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation with informants consisting of the Head of LAZISNU Metro City, the Manager of BMT Artha Buana Metro, and one of the muzakki. The collected data were analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study show that the level of public trust in zakat management by LAZISNU Metro City is still not fully optimal, as some people still prefer to distribute their zakat directly to mustahik. However, from the institutional perspective, the level of public trust shows an increase, which is indicated by the growing number of muzakki and community participation in LAZISNU social programs. The partnership between LAZISNU Metro City and BMT Artha Buana Metro is implemented in the form of cooperation in the collection and distribution of zakat funds in a formal and administrative manner. Factors influencing public trust include trust in the institution, a well-planned organizational work system, centralized management of zakat funds, and the mechanism of zakat distribution carried out through a survey process of prospective mustahik. Based on these findings, it is recommended that LAZISNU Metro City continue to improve transparency and accountability in zakat management, strengthen public socialization regarding the importance of distributing zakat through official institutions, and optimize cooperation with Islamic financial institutions such as BMT to enhance the effectiveness of zakat collection and distribution.
creator: Putri Lestari Ramadhani
creator: Haris Santoso
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Lestari Ramadhani, Haris Santoso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-12
publication date: 2026-06-12
volume: 9
number: 2
starting page: 2872
ending page: 2884
doi: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3369